{"id":10021306,"date":"2026-03-12T23:21:56","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T15:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021306"},"modified":"2026-03-12T23:21:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T15:21:56","slug":"%e6%b5%85%e8%b0%88%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%86%e5%88%ab%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021306","title":{"rendered":"\u6d45\u8c08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u56fe\u50cf2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047432165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6d45\u8c08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u56fe\u50cf<\/a>\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u770b\u201d\u56fe\u7247\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u5e26\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u4e8e<strong>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u7247\u600e\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u50cf\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u80cc\u666f<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/h2>\n<h3>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/th>\n<th>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\uff08RGB\uff09<\/th>\n<th>\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\uff08Gray\uff09<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u901a\u9053\u6570<\/td>\n<td>3\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\uff08R\uff0cG\uff0cB\uff09<\/td>\n<td>1\u4e2a\u901a\u9053<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\uff08R\uff0cG\uff0cB\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u4e00\u7070\u5ea6\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u989c\u8272\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u2705\u5305\u542b<\/td>\n<td>\u274c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u7b14\u753b\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u2705\u5305\u542b<\/td>\n<td>\u2705\u5305\u542b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\uff08\u5377\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6162<\/td>\n<td>\u5feb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote><p>\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u4e2d\u5c06\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u989c\u8272\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u4fdd\u7559\u7b14\u753b\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u566a\u58f0\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u600e\u4e48\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Gray=0.299\u00d7R+0.587\u00d7G+0.114\u00d7B<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a,\u4eba\u773c\u7684\u611f\u5149\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u89c6\u6746\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f31\u5149\u73af\u5883\uff08\u6697\u89c6\u89c9\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u8272\u5f69\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u84dd\u7eff\u8272\u6ce2\u6bb5\u6700\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8272\u89c9\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f3a\u5149\u73af\u5883\uff08\u660e\u89c6\u89c9\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u7ea2\u654f\u3001\u7eff\u654f\u3001\u84dd\u654f\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8272\u89c9\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7eff\u654f\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\uff08\u7ea6 60%\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u9ec4\u6591\u533a\uff08\u89c6\u89c9\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u7ea2\u654f\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u6570\u91cf\u6b21\u4e4b\uff08\u7ea6 30%\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u7eff\u654f\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5e03\u91cd\u53e0\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u84dd\u654f\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\uff08\u7ea6 10%\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u9ec4\u6591\u533a\u5916\u56f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u533a\u57df\u6781\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eff\u8272\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab\u5927\u8111\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u6700\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u7247\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f20400 X 300\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a28 X 28\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u9996\u5148\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5resize\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u5c3a\u5bf8:\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 \u6570\u5b57\u88ab\u538b\u6241 \/ \u62c9\u957f\uff0c\u7b14\u753b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u5230\u201c\u5947\u602a\u5f62\u72b6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898<br \/>\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u4e00\u5f20\u5927\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u8fbe<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u539f\u56fe\uff1a<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnriY\" alt=\"0.png\" title=\"0.png\"><\/p>\n<h3>1. \u7070\u5ea6\u5316<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u7247\u662f RGB \u4e09\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u624b\u5199\u6570\u5b57\u8bc6\u522b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3 \u4eae\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989c\u8272\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7070\u5ea6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u7528 0~255 \u8868\u793a\u4eae\u5ea6\uff080=\u9ed1\uff0c255=\u767d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7070\u5ea6\u5316\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>Gray = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrji\" alt=\"Grayscale_Heatmap.png\" title=\"Grayscale_Heatmap.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>2. \u4e8c\u503c\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\uff1a 0, 20, 40, 180, 255&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u662f 0~255\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7b14\u753b vs \u80cc\u666f\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\uff08threshold\uff09\u628a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e8c\u503c\u56fe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>binary = np.where(gray &lt; 128, 1, 0)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>Gray &lt; 128  \u2192  \u7b14\u753b<br \/>Gray \u2265 128  \u2192  \u80cc\u666f<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrjl\" alt=\"Binarized_Heatmap_0_1.png\" title=\"Binarized_Heatmap_0_1.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>3.\u88c1\u51cf<\/h3>\n<p>\u88c1\u51cf\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u56fe\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u88c1\u526a\uff0c\u7a7a\u767d\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u7a7a\u767d\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u8bad\u7ec3\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u88c1\u51cf\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<pre><code>top, bottom = rows.min(), rows.max()\nleft, right = cols.min(), cols.max()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a1\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\uff0c\u53d6\u884c\u5217\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5927\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88c1\u526a\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnri6\" alt=\"Resized_Heatmap.png\" title=\"Resized_Heatmap.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>4.\u7b49\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7f29\u653e<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u624b\u5199\u6570\u5b57\u533a\u57df\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u4e00\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/li>\n<li>\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u6700\u957f\u8fb9 \u2192 20 \u50cf\u7d20\uff0c\u77ed\u8fb9\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7f29\u653e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7f29\u653e\u5230 28\u00d728\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u7f29\u653e\u4f1a\u62c9\u957f\u6216\u538b\u6241\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7b14\u753b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u5230\u201c\u5947\u602a\u5f62\u72b6\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u88c1\u51cf\u540e\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a112 X 134\uff0c\u6700\u957f\u8fb9\u4e3a134\uff0c<br \/>\u90a3\u4e48\u7f29\u653e\u6bd4\u7387\u4e3a 20\/134 = 0.149&#8230;<br \/>\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u7f29\u653e\u540e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 112 X 0.149 = 16.71 &#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u7701\u7565\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e38\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7565\u5fae\u7f29\u5c0f\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u6570\u5b57\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e22\u5931 1 \u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0 +1 \/ -1 \u7684\u504f\u5dee<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u7cbe\u786e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u91c7\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b49\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6240\u653e\u540e\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a 16 X 20<\/p>\n<pre><code># binary \u662f 0\/1\uff0c\u628a\u903b\u8f91\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u56de 0~255 \u624d\u80fd resize\ndigit_img = Image.fromarray((digit_crop * 255).astype(np.uint8))\n\nw, h = digit_img.size\n\nscale = 20.0 \/ max(w, h)\nnew_w = int(w * scale)\nnew_h = int(h * scale)\n\ndigit_resized = digit_img.resize((new_w, new_h), Image.BILINEAR)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>5.\u5c45\u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u5230 28\u00d728<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u662f16 X 20\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f28 X 28\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c resize\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u88ab\u6a2a\u5411\u6216\u8005\u7eb5\u5411\u62c9\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c45\u4e2d\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e00\u534a\u53f3\u8fb9\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e5f\u540c\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>offset_x = (28 - new_w) \/\/ 2\noffset_y = (28 - new_h) \/\/ 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c55\u793a\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnriT\" alt=\"Final_28x28_Heatmap.png\" title=\"Final_28x28_Heatmap.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2>\u80cc\u666f\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684MINIST\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u767d\u5b57\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u56fe\u7247\uff1a <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrkS\" alt=\"2.png\" title=\"2.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>1.\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\u5173\u5fc3\u7b14\u753b\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<pre><code>R = img_np[:, :, 0]\nG = img_np[:, :, 1]\nB = img_np[:, :, 2]\n\ngray = (0.299 * R + 0.587 * G + 0.114 * B).astype(np.uint8)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrl1\" alt=\"2.2.png\" title=\"2.2.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>2.\u80cc\u666f\u4f30\u8ba1<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u628a\u7b14\u753b\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u566a\u58f0\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u5468\u56f4\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4f30\u8ba1\u80cc\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u548c\u539f\u56fe\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u56fe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u5229\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u5185\u50cf\u7d20\u4eae\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c<br \/>\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u50cf\u7d20\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u5757\u8f83\u5927\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4eae\u5ea6\uff0c<br \/>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4eae\u5ea6\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<pre><code>h, w = gray.shape\n\/\/ \u201c\u7ad9\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5f80\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5de6\u53f3\u5404\u770b 15 \u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u7247\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4eae\u5ea6\u5f53\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u201d\nwindow = 31\npad = window \/\/ 2\n\n# \u8fb9\u7f18\u586b\u5145\npadded = np.pad(gray, pad, mode='edge')\nbackground = np.zeros_like(gray)\n\nfor i in range(h):\n    for j in range(w):\n        region = padded[i:i+window, j:j+window]\n        background[i, j] = np.mean(region)\n\nbackground = background.astype(np.uint8)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c:<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrnG\" alt=\"2.3.png\" title=\"2.3.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>3.\u53bb\u9634\u5f71<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53bb\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u628a\u50cf\u7d20\u5206\u6210\u9ed1\u767d\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9634\u5f71\u6df1\u7684\u5730\u65b9 \u2192 \u80cc\u666f\u8bef\u5224\u6210\u7b14\u753b<\/li>\n<li>\u9634\u5f71\u6d45\u7684\u5730\u65b9 \u2192 \u7b14\u753b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5403\u6389<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u51cf\u53bb\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fdd\u7559\u7b14\u753b\u5dee\u5f02<\/li>\n<li>\u62b9\u6389\u9634\u5f71\u548c\u7eb8\u5f20\u4eae\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u62c9\u4f38\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51cf\u6389\u80cc\u666f\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u753b\u4eae\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u80cc\u666f\uff08\u7070\u7070\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\uff0c\u9608\u503c\u4e0d\u597d\u9009<\/li>\n<li>\u62c9\u4f38\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6 = \u628a\u6700\u6697\u7684\u8bbe\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6700\u4eae\u7684\u8bbe\u4e3a 255\uff0c\u628a\u7070\u5ea6\u7ebf\u6027\u62c9\u5f00<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>shadow_removed = np.abs(gray.astype(int) - background.astype(int))\n\n# \u62c9\u4f38\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\nmin_val = shadow_removed.min()\nmax_val = shadow_removed.max()\nshadow_removed = ((shadow_removed - min_val) \/ (max_val - min_val) * 255).astype(np.uint8)<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<br \/>\u5047\u8bbe shadow_removed \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u662f 10\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u503c\u662f 60<br \/>\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\/( new=\u3010\uff08old\u221210\uff09\/\uff0860\u221210\uff09\u3011\u00d7255 \/)<br \/>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a10 \u2192 0 \uff0c60 \u2192 255 \uff0c \u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u5747\u57280-255\u4e4b\u95f4<br \/>\u5c31\u50cf\u628a\u7070\u7070\u7684\u58a8\u6c34\u201c\u62c9\u9ed1\u62c9\u4eae\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u7b14\u753b\u66f4\u660e\u663e<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrpC\" alt=\"2.4.png\" title=\"2.4.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>4.\u4e8c\u503c\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\uff1a\u8981\u4e480\uff08\u7eaf\u9ed1\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48255\uff08\u7eaf\u767d\uff09<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a&#8221;\u5206\u6570\u7ebf&#8221;\uff0c\u5206\u6570\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u767d\u8272\uff08\u6587\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\uff08\u80cc\u666f\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u6709256\u79cd\u7070\u5ea6\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u53d8\u6210\u53ea\u6709\u7eaf\u9ed1\u7eaf\u767d\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<pre><code>local_window = 15\npad = local_window \/\/ 2\npadded = np.pad(shadow_removed, pad, mode='edge')\n\nfor i in range(h):\n    for j in range(w):\n        region = padded[i:i+local_window, j:j+local_window]\n        threshold = np.mean(region) - 5  # C = 5\n        binary[i, j] = 255 if shadow_removed[i, j] &gt; threshold else 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrrs\" alt=\"2.5.png\" title=\"2.5.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>5. \u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u9ed1\u5e95\u767d\u5b57<\/h3>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u9ed1\u5e95\u767d\u5b57<\/p>\n<pre><code>binary = 255 - binary\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrrw\" alt=\"2.6.png\" title=\"2.6.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>6.\u7b80\u5355\u53bb\u566a<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u70b9\uff08\u6587\u5b57\uff09\u5468\u56f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<pre><code>for i in range(1, h-1):          # \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u884c\uff08\u8df3\u8fc7\u6700\u5916\u5708\uff09\n    for j in range(1, w-1):      # \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u5217\uff08\u8df3\u8fc7\u6700\u5916\u5708\uff09\n        if binary[i, j] == 255:  # \u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u767d\u70b9\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u70b9\uff09\n            \n            # \u83b7\u53d63\u00d73\u90bb\u57df\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\n            neighbors = binary[i-1:i+2, j-1:j+2]\n            # \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e9\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\uff1a\n            # [i-1,j-1] [i-1,j] [i-1,j+1]\n            # [i,j-1]   [i,j]   [i,j+1]\n            # [i+1,j-1] [i+1,j] [i+1,j+1]\n            \n            # \u8ba1\u7b97\u90bb\u5c45\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u767d\u70b9\uff08==255\uff09\n            white_count = np.sum(neighbors == 255)\n            \n            # \u5982\u679c\u767d\u70b9\u603b\u6570 &lt; 3\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5185\uff09\n            if white_count &lt; 3:\n                clean[i, j] = 0  # \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed1\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"533\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/bVdnrrC\" alt=\"final_binary.png\" title=\"final_binary.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h2>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u624b\u5199\u56fe\u7247\u600e\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u50cf\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5148\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u7406\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5982\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u6307\u51fa\uff01<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047493718\">https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047493718<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00 \u4e0a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6d45\u8c08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u770b\u201d\u56fe\u7247\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u5e26\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u662f\u5982 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10021306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-share"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10021306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021306\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10021306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10021306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10021306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}