{"id":10021300,"date":"2026-03-10T18:31:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021300"},"modified":"2026-03-10T18:31:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:31:04","slug":"risc%e5%92%8ccisc%e7%9a%84%e6%af%94%e8%be%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021300","title":{"rendered":"RISC\u548cCISC\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u826f\u8bb8<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u529f\u8017\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4ece\u4e8b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u804a\u804a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\uff1aRISC\uff08\u7cbe\u7b80\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u548c CISC\uff08\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f RISC \u548c CISC<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5185\u5b58\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4eec\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u8ba9\u5355\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u7684 CISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\u5305\u62ec Intel \u7684 x86 \u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 PC \u673a\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CISC \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0cRISC \u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u7b80\u5316\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ARM \u5904\u7406\u5668\u5c31\u662f RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9886\u57df\u5360\u636e\u7740\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u7684 STM32 \u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f ARM Cortex-M \u5185\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd 32 \u4f4d\u7684 RISC \u67b6\u6784\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cMIPS\u3001RISC-V \u7b49\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e RISC \u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2. \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\uff0cx86 \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u767e\u6761\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u5343\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u8fbe 15 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u5c3d\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cRISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8981\u7cbe\u7b80\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 ARM Cortex-M3 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5927\u7ea6\u5305\u542b 100 \u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cRISC \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0cARM \u67b6\u6784\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f 32 \u4f4d\uff084 \u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0cThumb \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5219\u662f 16 \u4f4d\uff082 \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8bd1\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u5bfb\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u652f\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cx86 \u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5341\u51e0\u79cd\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u5740\u52a0\u504f\u79fb\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 x86 \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>MOV EAX, [EBX + ECX*4 + 0x1000]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08EBX + ECX*4 + 0x1000\uff09\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230 EAX \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u5219\u5927\u5e45\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5bfb\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u51e0\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 ARM \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\/\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\uff08Load\/Store\uff09\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u7b97\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684&#8221;Load-Store \u67b6\u6784&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728 ARM \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>ADD R0, R1, R2, LSL #2  ; R0 = R1 + R2*4\nADD R0, R0, #0x1000     ; R0 = R0 + 0x1000\nLDR R3, [R0]            ; R3 = *R0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5468\u671f\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1-2 \u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u5341\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7ed9\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5192\u9669\u3001\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46 RISC \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u82af\u7247\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bd1\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5fae\u4ee3\u7801\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u6761\u590d\u6742\u7684 CISC \u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08micro-ops\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6570\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u9762\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u8bd1\u7801\u5668\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u6574\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5236\u7a0b\u5de5\u827a\u4e0b\uff0cRISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u82af\u7247\u9762\u79ef\u4e0b\u96c6\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 ARM \u5904\u7406\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u529f\u8017\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u529f\u8017\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u80fd\u6548\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u6c60\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u8bf4\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 STM32 \u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528 ARM Cortex-M \u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u529f\u8017\u964d\u5230\u5fae\u5b89\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6c60\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 STM32L \u7cfb\u5217\u8d85\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u529f\u8017\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u4e00\u9897\u7ebd\u6263\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u4f9b\u7535\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5728 CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6570\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cx86 \u67b6\u6784\u5728 32 \u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08EAX\u3001EBX\u3001ECX\u3001EDX\u3001ESI\u3001EDI\u3001EBP\u3001ESP\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd8\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ARM \u67b6\u6784\u6709 16 \u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08R0-R15\uff09\uff0cRISC-V \u67b6\u6784\u6709 32 \u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\uff0cCISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u624b\u5199\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cCISC \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u5bfb\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u8f83\u9661\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u867d\u7136\u6307\u4ee4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u89c4\u6574\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5728 STM32 \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u8054\u6c47\u7f16\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528ARM\u6c47\u7f16\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u5b50\u52a0\u6cd5\nuint32_t atomic_add(volatile uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t value)\n{\n    uint32_t result;\n    uint32_t tmp;\n    \n    __asm__ volatile(\n        &quot;1: LDREX %0, [%2]\/n&quot;        \/\/ \u72ec\u5360\u52a0\u8f7d\n        &quot;   ADD %0, %0, %3\/n&quot;         \/\/ \u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\n        &quot;   STREX %1, %0, [%2]\/n&quot;     \/\/ \u72ec\u5360\u5b58\u50a8\n        &quot;   CMP %1, #0\/n&quot;             \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\n        &quot;   BNE 1b\/n&quot;                 \/\/ \u5931\u8d25\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5\n        : &quot;=&amp;r&quot; (result), &quot;=&amp;r&quot; (tmp)\n        : &quot;r&quot; (ptr), &quot;r&quot; (value)\n        : &quot;cc&quot;, &quot;memory&quot;\n    );\n    \n    return result;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 ARM \u7684 LDREX\/STREX \u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f RISC \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u8fc7\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u5e95\u5c42\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e CISC \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5f88\u96be\u51c6\u786e\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e RISC \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u6574\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 GCC \u6216 Keil \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9 ARM \u67b6\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u5c55\u5f00\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u8054\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u4f20\u64ad\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 \u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u5355\u4f4d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u6548\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cFlash \u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u4e14\u5355\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u867d\u7136\u6307\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cARM \u7684 Thumb \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 STM32 \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u542f\u7528 Thumb-2 \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u548c 32 \u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53c8\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ \u5728STM32\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9009\u9879\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\uff1a\n\/\/ -mthumb -mthumb-interwork\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Thumb\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\nvoid delay_ms(uint32_t ms)\n{\n    uint32_t i, j;\n    for(i = 0; i &lt; ms; i++) {\n        for(j = 0; j &lt; 1000; j++) {\n            __NOP();  \/\/ \u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3aThumb\u6307\u4ee4\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>5. \u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u54ea\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u5c55\u73b0\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cx86 \u67b6\u6784\u7684 SSE\u3001AVX \u7b49 SIMD \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u65f6\u949f\u9891\u7387\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9886\u57df\uff0cARM Cortex-M \u7cfb\u5217\u5904\u7406\u5668\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u9891\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e MHz\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 STM32F4 \u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff08\u4e3b\u9891 168MHz\uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u97f3\u9891\u5904\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u548c DMA \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u5904\u7406 48kHz \u91c7\u6837\u7387\u7684\u97f3\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.2 \u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5e73\u5747\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786c\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u66f4\u65b0 PWM \u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 STM32 \u5355\u7247\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4f30\u7b97\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761 ARM \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5468\u671f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5728 CISC \u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.3 \u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 STM32 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u6062\u590d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e ARM Cortex-M \u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ STM32\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\nvoid EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)\n{\n    \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7\n    if(__HAL_GPIO_EXTI_GET_IT(GPIO_PIN_0) != RESET) {\n        \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7\n        __HAL_GPIO_EXTI_CLEAR_IT(GPIO_PIN_0);\n        \n        \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\n        \/\/ \u7531\u4e8eARM\u6307\u4ee4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\n        HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>6. \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9886\u57df\uff0cRISC \u67b6\u6784\u5360\u636e\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ARM \u5904\u7406\u5668\u51e0\u4e4e\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684 8 \u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff08Cortex-M0\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08Cortex-A \u7cfb\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u770b\u5230 ARM \u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u505a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e ARM Cortex-A \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6027\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u529f\u8017\u63a7\u5236\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6c7d\u8f66\u7535\u5b50\u7b49\u5bf9\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u529f\u8017\u90fd\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.2 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e02\u573a\u4e00\u76f4\u662f x86 \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0cARM \u67b6\u6784\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u519b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>AWS \u7684 Graviton \u5904\u7406\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e ARM \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u80fd\u6548\u6bd4\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u80fd\u6548\u6bd4\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8282\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.3 \u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/h3>\n<p>\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u548c\u5e73\u677f\u7535\u8111\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u91c7\u7528 ARM \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f9\u679c\u7684 A \u7cfb\u5217\u82af\u7247\u3001\u9ad8\u901a\u7684\u9a81\u9f99\u7cfb\u5217\u3001\u534e\u4e3a\u7684\u9e92\u9e9f\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e ARM \u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0cRISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u6bd4\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>7. \u67b6\u6784\u878d\u5408\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h2>\n<h3>7.1 CISC \u5411 RISC \u5b66\u4e60<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 x86 \u5904\u7406\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684 CISC \u67b6\u6784\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece Pentium Pro \u5f00\u59cb\uff0cIntel \u5c31\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684 x86 \u6307\u4ee4\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c RISC \u7684\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08micro-ops\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528 RISC \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65e2\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5bf9 x86 \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86 RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.2 RISC \u7684\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<p>RISC \u67b6\u6784\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cARM \u67b6\u6784\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 NEON SIMD \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 DSP \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u4ee4\u867d\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.3 \u65b0\u5174\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>RISC-V \u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 RISC \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5438\u53d6\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RISC-V \u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u7b80\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97 RISC-V \u5728\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>RISC \u548c CISC \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CISC \u8ffd\u6c42\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0cRISC \u5219\u8ffd\u6c42\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u754c\u9650\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u662f RISC \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f ARM \u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3 RISC \u548c CISC \u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u505a STM32 \u7684\u88f8\u673a\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u505a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0cx86 \u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u529f\u8017\u654f\u611f\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\uff0cARM \u7b49 RISC \u67b6\u6784\u5219\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u66f4\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=AbbnhggTmrTHzKnlUt5wFA%3D%3D.wWd9lhc1xswVwZKfETmZ2GeulmV50YIZQONQRMdDDl8E0YLssB%2FUIQdeicTzsXcjF7MS3ZirW0ZKjRknnluaYA%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">C \u8bed\u8a00\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7535\u5b50\u4e66-2026 \u6700\u65b0\u7248<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=h2CYoA1%2F7KI9Havfwz%2BHIg%3D%3D.B9bGTWtLix8x9Q5JthmEZ5qSzQo1JqLt7CwoW4wPKjMHo4m5RmqEEar5f7TmofMVcwOHkquo9kbaHBcpCLdi5Q%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">STM32 \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7535\u5b50\u4e66-2026 \u6700\u65b0\u7248<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=6ST2FpixQXHJh9%2FNdIm5%2Bg%3D%3D.EMAN7yK%2BxdCvbzlVY4%2FoBVjffdEqVY94lrk%2BBk546aCOaH%2F09p4vLvss4jx%2B9xmbAqGpSTMCdzwltVHASWHkN2mZI%2FPL8Qz3nkLhZlbQgtY%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">FreeRTOS \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7535\u5b50\u4e66-2026 \u6700\u65b0\u7248<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=nEUcyVCXoUopqEskBjADqQ%3D%3D.ohiQJsSj%2BhXfdPDM4rGo%2BS7WTkk8UR1FwivCQmQ5Mf%2B2LaJlAJ5J6juRWw9Lt4R7V%2FUYmR3xbvD%2BxEvoB1ESuA%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">C++ \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7535\u5b50\u4e66-2026 \u6700\u65b0\u7248<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=vBCLuPK8jP8c3UTveoUswA%3D%3D.bbGUBdQrFh8M9LjRGG15WyQ86XzrcaW6M0Veow%2BWFcCXYie5CBW0%2BKkDmBfp9TzKaXtgBVZdN%2FMH%2BzHs%2FVtVew%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">51 \u5355\u7247\u673a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=ADflAkOjjdNaBfvjB%2BRSuA%3D%3D.kTRIAtA1iCkJ9kwAZ6xV9wNmlMm3P0DJVnwWp2H99B3BNEw19ck6NlDG1Oz6S%2Fd9prIAKWODOUMihljj7LWVdA%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">AD \u753b\u677f\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=SJfz6lxZ0OP1BbLOvt2Lug%3D%3D.mKFVPOj5%2Bq03gJSs5x6FXnP%2FNeS5cCrThHUw9qHy4dgmfkb8soFVd%2FAfWLIC4QNbRY%2Bk5tMbSyu8%2FY2XHJ16Fg%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">C \u8bed\u8a00\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=0di%2BZ4kQfQqvjRT47rGX5A%3D%3D.7vwBkfWbZDlOCX%2B8jbvHNoYCfI79FKSVzyH9Qe8H3cHpEzn1vstpwB648USuJPs8D427qlEn4VM%2BMPnXBrP6Fg%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">C++ \u8bed\u8a00\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=CQJekcJ4U%2BVa7UBe1KNXhw%3D%3D.mwsLMP9SvX0n1GQyJxIcPc3nnGbFa7amvATQ%2Fb8orprWF6YiJbgmWa%2FI5%2B9kjJW5sWbFkZh46hOQlVfiuEsAJoSkz6X%2FIjJJHn4e%2Ba7MNAQ%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ESP32 \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=wbe%2FFciK7OUyqp%2BToVxVHw%3D%3D.Sm1z7DmHYnyfThYVzWi21lC1z1aF08K61UgCVy%2B399MuOcO8RhdLq0Lk8OYw6CqdSvLdjWmL4RRENsZqCo6jLKsXP0p58IjDeuoX1thM1EY%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">FreeRTOS \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=EzXgTCP2tQa8pAqmQ4KPrw%3D%3D.rtT0nH%2F5iaNpqdcW29%2BaHuUGGGaR6E%2FsnvUhnxcHV1tzf3tgvIPQuyXQ3oKew1OmZG%2BkzXY9UOKduBkVItEl%2FxFgmTIprLv%2Bjj7uNe6EH5I%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Linux \u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=jGulD2csjwfBB1kNgZzA3A%3D%3D.V4c4WCt6OwS8Pfk5KJeNo6l0rkT0D0jXETRq81tEL5I6BIMAc1v9T4xk5s5OMjOorC7Frch3%2FSM2G73uISAk%2BvM5SnuZs7U9S%2Brr5mUTQzk%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Linux \u5e95\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=tPAAU6VFxnNbrK8YIaLhZA%3D%3D.1CKx55JzstRz1SNJdhVb%2FjP2l1zce7w4YiTrzTx0H2%2FrF2Zic5s%2BUWDv%2Bs%2FMJ6tAjmBjvHSMHQ4%2B4dHSDzJ6zw%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LVGL \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=JykNfFG2WheSNeRacSNLfg%3D%3D.6IaJ4XsqMLlrifYCVKGzK%2By2Z557g%2FrYlrLHlyMeKiiXTOZB%2FyZJRMrz9ICltJ0css2FZwldHuqqEgoTbEOxeA%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">QT \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=XRKxKOpLhaG%2BNsqjlM8cmQ%3D%3D.7Yc%2Bkg7%2FuYjO2aJVMVy%2F10S0YyIxrrqDZsCXj5rr8vcRKDd8FmHpRfrVC7ow3Gcdt%2F8U8n3fjxDJItvMKVfuRo3EZwm5jGJkRqecIVJhFI0%3D\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">STM32 \u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047643362\">https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047643362<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u826f\u8bb8 \u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u529f\u8017\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4ece\u4e8b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10021300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-share"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10021300"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021300\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10021300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10021300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10021300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}