\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecdPython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u548cMock\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
"""\nPython\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0eMock\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\n\u5305\u542bunittest\u3001pytest\u3001mock\u7b49\n"""\n\nimport unittest\nfrom unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock, call\nfrom typing import List, Dict, Optional\nimport requests\n\n\n# ============ \u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 ============\nclass Calculator:\n """\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u7c7b"""\n \n def add(self, a: float, b: float) -> float:\n return a + b\n \n def subtract(self, a: float, b: float) -> float:\n return a - b\n \n def multiply(self, a: float, b: float) -> float:\n return a * b\n \n def divide(self, a: float, b: float) -> float:\n if b == 0:\n raise ValueError("\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6")\n return a \/ b\n\n\nclass UserService:\n """\u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1"""\n \n def __init__(self, db_connection):\n self.db = db_connection\n \n def get_user(self, user_id: int) -> Optional[Dict]:\n return self.db.query(f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = {user_id}")\n \n def create_user(self, username: str, email: str) -> Dict:\n if not username or not email:\n raise ValueError("\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u90ae\u7bb1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a")\n return self.db.insert("users", {"username": username, "email": email})\n\n\nclass PaymentGateway:\n """\u652f\u4ed8\u7f51\u5173"""\n \n def __init__(self, api_key: str):\n self.api_key = api_key\n self.base_url = "https:\/\/api.payment.com"\n \n def charge(self, amount: float, card_number: str) -> Dict:\n response = requests.post(\n f"{self.base_url}\/charge",\n headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}"},\n json={"amount": amount, "card": card_number}\n )\n return response.json()\n\n\n# ============ unittest\u6d4b\u8bd5 ============\nclass TestCalculator(unittest.TestCase):\n """\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u6d4b\u8bd5"""\n \n def setUp(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u51c6\u5907"""\n self.calc = Calculator()\n \n def test_add(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u52a0\u6cd5"""\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.add(2, 3), 5)\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.add(-1, 1), 0)\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.add(0.1, 0.2), 0.3, places=7)\n \n def test_subtract(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51cf\u6cd5"""\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.subtract(5, 3), 2)\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.subtract(0, 5), -5)\n \n def test_multiply(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e58\u6cd5"""\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.multiply(3, 4), 12)\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.multiply(-2, 3), -6)\n \n def test_divide(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9664\u6cd5"""\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.divide(6, 2), 3)\n self.assertEqual(self.calc.divide(5, 2), 2.5)\n \n def test_divide_by_zero(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9664\u96f6\u5f02\u5e38"""\n with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:\n self.calc.divide(5, 0)\n self.assertEqual(str(context.exception), "\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6")\n\n\nclass TestUserService(unittest.TestCase):\n """\u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u6d4b\u8bd5"""\n \n def setUp(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u51c6\u5907"""\n # \u521b\u5efaMock\u5bf9\u8c61\n self.mock_db = Mock()\n self.user_service = UserService(self.mock_db)\n \n def test_get_user(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237"""\n # \u8bbe\u7f6eMock\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n expected_user = {"id": 1, "username": "alice"}\n self.mock_db.query.return_value = expected_user\n \n # \u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\n user = self.user_service.get_user(1)\n \n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\n self.assertEqual(user, expected_user)\n self.mock_db.query.assert_called_once_with("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1")\n \n def test_create_user(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237"""\n expected_result = {"id": 1, "username": "bob", "email": "bob@example.com"}\n self.mock_db.insert.return_value = expected_result\n \n result = self.user_service.create_user("bob", "bob@example.com")\n \n self.assertEqual(result, expected_result)\n self.mock_db.insert.assert_called_once_with(\n "users",\n {"username": "bob", "email": "bob@example.com"}\n )\n \n def test_create_user_invalid_input(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6548\u8f93\u5165"""\n with self.assertRaises(ValueError):\n self.user_service.create_user("", "email@example.com")\n\n\nclass TestPaymentGateway(unittest.TestCase):\n """\u652f\u4ed8\u7f51\u5173\u6d4b\u8bd5"""\n \n @patch('requests.post')\n def test_charge(self, mock_post):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u652f\u4ed8"""\n # \u8bbe\u7f6eMock\u54cd\u5e94\n mock_response = Mock()\n mock_response.json.return_value = {"status": "success", "transaction_id": "12345"}\n mock_post.return_value = mock_response\n \n # \u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\n gateway = PaymentGateway("test_api_key")\n result = gateway.charge(100.0, "4111111111111111")\n \n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\n self.assertEqual(result["status"], "success")\n mock_post.assert_called_once()\n\n\n# ============ Mock\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5 ============\nclass TestMockAdvanced(unittest.TestCase):\n """Mock\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u6d4b\u8bd5"""\n \n def test_mock_return_value(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u8fd4\u56de\u503c"""\n mock = Mock()\n mock.return_value = 42\n \n result = mock()\n self.assertEqual(result, 42)\n \n def test_mock_side_effect(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u526f\u4f5c\u7528"""\n mock = Mock()\n mock.side_effect = [1, 2, 3]\n \n self.assertEqual(mock(), 1)\n self.assertEqual(mock(), 2)\n self.assertEqual(mock(), 3)\n \n def test_mock_side_effect_exception(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38"""\n mock = Mock()\n mock.side_effect = ValueError("\u9519\u8bef")\n \n with self.assertRaises(ValueError):\n mock()\n \n def test_mock_call_count(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570"""\n mock = Mock()\n \n mock()\n mock()\n mock()\n \n self.assertEqual(mock.call_count, 3)\n \n def test_mock_call_args(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u8c03\u7528\u53c2\u6570"""\n mock = Mock()\n \n mock(1, 2, key='value')\n \n self.assertEqual(mock.call_args, call(1, 2, key='value'))\n \n def test_mock_multiple_calls(self):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5Mock\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528"""\n mock = Mock()\n \n mock(1)\n mock(2)\n mock(3)\n \n expected_calls = [call(1), call(2), call(3)]\n mock.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)\n\n\n# ============ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5939\u5177 ============\nclass TestWithFixtures(unittest.TestCase):\n """\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5939\u5177"""\n \n @classmethod\n def setUpClass(cls):\n """\u7c7b\u7ea7\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e"""\n print("\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b")\n cls.shared_resource = "shared"\n \n @classmethod\n def tearDownClass(cls):\n """\u7c7b\u7ea7\u522b\u6e05\u7406"""\n print("\u6e05\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b")\n \n def setUp(self):\n """\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ea7\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e"""\n self.test_data = [1, 2, 3]\n \n def tearDown(self):\n """\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ea7\u522b\u6e05\u7406"""\n self.test_data = None\n \n def test_with_fixture(self):\n """\u4f7f\u7528\u5939\u5177\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5"""\n self.assertEqual(len(self.test_data), 3)\n self.assertEqual(self.shared_resource, "shared")\n\n\ndef main():\n """\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570"""\n print("="*60)\n print("Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0eMock\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528")\n print("="*60)\n \n # \u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\n loader = unittest.TestLoader()\n suite = unittest.TestSuite()\n \n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\n suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCalculator))\n suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestUserService))\n suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestPaymentGateway))\n suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestMockAdvanced))\n suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestWithFixtures))\n \n # \u8fd0\u884c\n runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)\n result = runner.run(suite)\n \n print("\/n" + "="*60)\n print("\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u603b\u7ed3")\n print("="*60)\n print("1. unittest: \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6")\n print("2. Mock: \u6a21\u62df\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56")\n print("3. patch: \u4e34\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u5bf9\u8c61")\n print("4. Fixture: \u6d4b\u8bd5\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u6e05\u7406")\n print("5. \u65ad\u8a00: \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c")\n print("="*60)\n\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n main()<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u67b6\u6784\u56fe<\/h3>\n