\u5728Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u638c\u63e1Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
r<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n- \u5199\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08
w<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u622a\u65ad\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n- \u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08
a<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n- \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08
b<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n- \u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08
+<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n1.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7531open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n# \u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u4f8b\n\n# 1. \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\nprint("\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\n# \u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\ntry:\n # \u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\n f = open("test.txt", "r")\n print("\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09")\n f.close()\n \n # \u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\n f = open("test.txt", "w")\n print("\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09")\n f.close()\n \n # \u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\n f = open("test.txt", "a")\n print("\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09")\n f.close()\n \n # \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\n f = open("test.bin", "wb")\n print("\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09")\n f.close()\n \n # \u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\n f = open("test.txt", "r+")\n print("\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09")\n f.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# 2. \u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\nprint("\/n\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\ntry:\n f = open("test.txt", "w+")\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u540d: {f.name}")\n print(f"\u6a21\u5f0f: {f.mode}")\n print(f"\u662f\u5426\u5173\u95ed: {f.closed}")\n print(f"\u7f16\u7801: {f.encoding}")\n print(f"\u6362\u884c\u7b26: {f.newlines}")\n print(f"\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199: {f.readable()}, {f.writable()}")\n f.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# 3. \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\nprint("\/n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\uff08\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff09\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("test.txt", "w") as f:\n f.write("Hello, World!\/n")\n print("\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e")\nprint("\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed")\n\n# 4. \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\nwith open("test.txt", "r") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9: {content}")\n\n# 5. \u5220\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\nimport os\nif os.path.exists("test.txt"):\n os.remove("test.txt")\n print("\u5220\u9664test.txt\u6587\u4ef6")\nif os.path.exists("test.bin"):\n os.remove("test.bin")\n print("\u5220\u9664test.bin\u6587\u4ef6")<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
Python\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u638c\u63e1Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\nread(size=-1)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nreadline(size=-1)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u884c<\/li>\nreadlines(hint=-1)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c<\/li>\n__iter__()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u8fed\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.2 \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\nwrite(string)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u4e32<\/li>\nwritelines(lines)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/li>\nflush()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7acb\u5373\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nclose()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.3 \u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\ntell()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n- \n
seek(offset, whence=0)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\noffset<\/code>\uff1a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/li>\nwhence<\/code>\uff1a\u53c2\u8003\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff080\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\uff0c1\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c2\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\n\n# 1. \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\nprint("\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\n# \u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("example.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n f.write("Hello, World!\/n")\n f.write("Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\/n")\n f.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\/n")\nprint("\u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f")\n\n# \u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("example.bin", "wb") as f:\n f.write(b"Hello, Binary!\/n")\n f.write(b"Python\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\/n")\nprint("\u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f")\n\n# 2. \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\nprint("\/n\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print("\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a")\n print(content)\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n content = f.read(10)\n print("\/n\u8bfb\u53d6\u524d10\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a")\n print(content)\n\n# \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n print("\/n\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a")\n line1 = f.readline()\n line2 = f.readline()\n print(f"\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c: {line1.rstrip()}")\n print(f"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c: {line2.rstrip()}")\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n lines = f.readlines()\n print("\/n\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff1a")\n for i, line in enumerate(lines):\n print(f"\u7b2c{i+1}\u884c: {line.rstrip()}")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n print("\/n\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\uff1a")\n for i, line in enumerate(f):\n print(f"\u7b2c{i+1}\u884c: {line.rstrip()}")\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("example.bin", "rb") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print("\/n\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a")\n print(content)\n\n# 3. \u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\nprint("\/n\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\nwith open("example.txt", "r+", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n # \u67e5\u770b\u521d\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\n print(f"\u521d\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e: {f.tell()}")\n \n # \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\n content = f.read(10)\n print(f"\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9: {content}")\n print(f"\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e: {f.tell()}")\n \n # \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\n f.seek(0)\n print(f"\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u540e\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e: {f.tell()}")\n \n # \u8bfb\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\n line = f.readline()\n print(f"\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9: {line.rstrip()}")\n \n # \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\n f.seek(0, 2)\n print(f"\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u540e\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e: {f.tell()}")\n \n # \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\n f.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\/n")\n print("\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e")\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print("\/n\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a")\n print(content)\n\n# 4. \u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\nprint("\/n\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\nwith open("example.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n f.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\/n")\nprint("\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u6210\u529f")\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u8ffd\u52a0\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\nwith open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print("\/n\u8ffd\u52a0\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a")\n print(content)\n\n# 5. \u6e05\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\nimport os\nif os.path.exists("example.txt"):\n os.remove("example.txt")\n print("\u5220\u9664example.txt\u6587\u4ef6")\nif os.path.exists("example.bin"):\n os.remove("example.bin")\n print("\u5220\u9664example.bin\u6587\u4ef6")<\/code><\/pre>\n3. \u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n
\u7f13\u51b2\u662f\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1 \u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n
\u7f13\u51b2\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u6216\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bd4\u78c1\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5feb\u5f97\u591a<\/li>\n
- \u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n
- \u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u51b2\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3.2 Python\u4e2d\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
Python\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u65e0\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff08
0<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n- \u884c\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff08
1<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n- \u5757\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff08
>1<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u5757\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u5f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n- \n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n- \u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u7f13\u51b2<\/li>\n
- \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u5757\u7f13\u51b2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3.3 \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/h4>\n
\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n
- \u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3.4 \u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a<\/p>\n
\nflush()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\nclose()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\nwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9000\u51fa\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n3.5 \u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565\u793a\u4f8b\n\nimport os\nimport time\n\n# 1. \u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u793a\u4f8b\nprint("\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\n# \u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\nprint("\/n\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a")\ntry:\n # \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\n f = open("buffer_test.txt", "wb", buffering=0)\n print(f"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f: \u65e0\u7f13\u51b2")\n f.write(b"Hello, Buffer!\/n")\n f.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# \u884c\u7f13\u51b2\nprint("\/n\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a")\ntry:\n f = open("buffer_test.txt", "w", buffering=1)\n print(f"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f: \u884c\u7f13\u51b2")\n f.write("Hello, Line Buffer!\/n")\n # \u5199\u5165\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u540e\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n print("\u5199\u5165\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u540e\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5df2\u5237\u65b0")\n f.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# \u5757\u7f13\u51b2\nprint("\/n\u5757\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a")\ntry:\n f = open("buffer_test.txt", "w", buffering=1024)\n print(f"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f: \u5757\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f: 1024")\n f.write("Hello, Block Buffer!\/n")\n print("\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u672a\u5237\u65b0\uff08\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c0f\uff09")\n f.flush()\n print("\u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a")\n f.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# 2. \u7f13\u51b2\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\nprint("\/n\u7f13\u51b2\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a")\n\ndef test_write_performance(buffering):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd"""\n start_time = time.time()\n with open("performance_test.txt", "w", buffering=buffering) as f:\n for i in range(10000):\n f.write(f"Line {i}: This is a test line.\/n")\n end_time = time.time()\n return end_time - start_time\n\n# \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\nprint("\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\uff1a")\n\n# \u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\uff08\u5982\u679c\u652f\u6301\uff09\ntry:\n time_no_buffer = test_write_performance(0)\n print(f"\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u8017\u65f6: {time_no_buffer:.4f}\u79d2")\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f"\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25: {e}")\n\n# \u884c\u7f13\u51b2\ntime_line_buffer = test_write_performance(1)\nprint(f"\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u8017\u65f6: {time_line_buffer:.4f}\u79d2")\n\n# \u5757\u7f13\u51b2\uff081024\u5b57\u8282\uff09\ntime_block_buffer_1k = test_write_performance(1024)\nprint(f"1024\u5b57\u8282\u5757\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u8017\u65f6: {time_block_buffer_1k:.4f}\u79d2")\n\n# \u5757\u7f13\u51b2\uff084096\u5b57\u8282\uff09\ntime_block_buffer_4k = test_write_performance(4096)\nprint(f"4096\u5b57\u8282\u5757\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u8017\u65f6: {time_block_buffer_4k:.4f}\u79d2")\n\n# \u5757\u7f13\u51b2\uff088192\u5b57\u8282\uff09\ntime_block_buffer_8k = test_write_performance(8192)\nprint(f"8192\u5b57\u8282\u5757\u7f13\u51b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u8017\u65f6: {time_block_buffer_8k:.4f}\u79d2")\n\n# 3. \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5237\u65b0\u793a\u4f8b\nprint("\/n\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5237\u65b0\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a")\n\nprint("\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5237\u65b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a")\nwith open("flush_test.txt", "w") as f:\n print("\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e...")\n f.write("\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\/n")\n # \u5199\u5165\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u540e\uff0c\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\n print("\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u5bb9...")\n \n # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n with open("flush_test.txt", "r") as f_read:\n content = f_read.read()\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9: '{content}'")\n \n print("\/n\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09...")\n f.write("\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u6570\u636e")\n # \u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\n print("\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u5bb9...")\n \n # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n with open("flush_test.txt", "r") as f_read:\n content = f_read.read()\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9: '{content}'")\n \n print("\/n\u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a...")\n f.flush()\n print("\u5237\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u5bb9...")\n \n # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n with open("flush_test.txt", "r") as f_read:\n content = f_read.read()\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9: '{content}'")\n\nprint("\/n\u9000\u51fawith\u8bed\u53e5\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a")\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u5185\u5bb9\nwith open("flush_test.txt", "r") as f:\n content = f.read()\n print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u5185\u5bb9: '{content}'")\n\n# 4. \u6e05\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\nprint("\/n\u6e05\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a")\n\nfor file in ["buffer_test.txt", "performance_test.txt", "flush_test.txt"]:\n if os.path.exists(file):\n os.remove(file)\n print(f"\u5220\u9664{file}\u6587\u4ef6")<\/code><\/pre>\n4. \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5916\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
4.1 os\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n
os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n- \n
os.path<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\nos.path.exists(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\nos.path.isfile(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nos.path.isdir(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.path.join(path1, path2, ...)<\/code>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\nos.path.abspath(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\nos.path.basename(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\nos.path.dirname(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nos.remove(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nos.rename(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.replace(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nos.chmod(path, mode)<\/code>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nos.mkdir(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.makedirs(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.rmdir(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.removedirs(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\nos.listdir(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n4.2 shutil\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n
shutil<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u5f52\u6863\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n- \n
\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nshutil.copy(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nshutil.copy2(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/li>\nshutil.copyfile(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nshutil.copytree(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nshutil.move(src, dst)<\/code>\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u9664<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nshutil.rmtree(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u5f52\u6863\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nshutil.make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir)<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\nshutil.unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir)<\/code>\uff1a\u89e3\u538b\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n4.3 pathlib\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n
pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython 3.4+\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n- \n
\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nPath(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\nPurePath(path)<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7eaf\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\npath.exists()<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\npath.is_file()<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.is_dir()<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\npath.iterdir()<\/code>\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\npath.glob(pattern)<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.rglob(pattern)<\/code>\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\npath.read_text(encoding=None)<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.write_text(data, encoding=None)<\/code>\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.read_bytes()<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.write_bytes(data)<\/code>\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\npath.unlink()<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\npath.mkdir(exist_ok=False)<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\npath.rmdir()<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n