{"id":10021198,"date":"2026-01-19T10:03:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T02:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021198"},"modified":"2026-01-19T10:03:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T02:03:12","slug":"uart%e3%80%81rs232%e3%80%81rs485%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021198","title":{"rendered":"UART\u3001RS232\u3001RS485\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u826f\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e32\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab UART\u3001RS232\u3001RS485 \u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u641e\u6df7\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c31\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u804a\u804a\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u5f7b\u5e95\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1. \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 UART \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<p>UART\uff08Universal Asynchronous Receiver\/Transmitter\uff09\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u901a\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u6536\u53d1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>UART \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e32\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3001\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4f4d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cUART \u662f\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 UART \u6570\u636e\u5e27\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\uff1a1 \u4e2a\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\uff08\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\uff09\u30015 \u5230 8 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u3001\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u30011 \u5230 2 \u4e2a\u505c\u6b62\u4f4d\uff08\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684 STM32 \u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e2d\uff0cUART \u5c31\u662f\u82af\u7247\u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5e76\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e32\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5e76\u884c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>UART \u901a\u4fe1\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\uff1aTX\uff08\u53d1\u9001\uff09\u548c RX\uff08\u63a5\u6536\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6839\u5730\u7ebf GND\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 RS232 \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<p>RS232 \u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\uff08EIA\uff09\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u662f EIA-RS-232\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\uff08DTE\uff09\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u8bbe\u5907\uff08DCE\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RS232 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u7684<strong>\u7535\u5e73\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91 1\uff08MARK\uff09\u7684\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4\u662f-15V \u5230-3V\uff0c\u903b\u8f91 0\uff08SPACE\uff09\u7684\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4\u662f +3V \u5230 +15V\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5e73\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684 TTL \u7535\u5e73\uff080V \u548c 3.3V \u6216 5V\uff09\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RS232 \u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 DB9 \u6216 DB25 \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u7ea6\u4e3a 15 \u7c73\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 20kbps\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7f06\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 RS485 \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<p>RS485 \u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u662f RS232 \u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RS485 \u91c7\u7528<strong>\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\uff08A \u548c B\uff09\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u6765\u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91 0 \u548c 1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RS485 \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ef\u8fbe 1200 \u7c73\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe 10Mbps\uff08\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff08\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5 128 \u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\uff0c\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0cRS485 \u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2. \u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>UART \u662f\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\uff0cRS232 \u548c RS485 \u662f\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0cUART \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86&#8221;\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48&#8221;\uff08\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u800c RS232 \u548c RS485 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86&#8221;\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4&#8221;\uff08\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e32\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u65e2\u9700\u8981 UART \u534f\u8bae\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981 RS232 \u6216 RS485 \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a UART \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f TTL \u7535\u5e73\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 0V \u548c 3.3V\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 RS232 \u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u82af\u7247\uff08\u5982 MAX232\uff09\u5c06 TTL \u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a RS232 \u7535\u5e73\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 RS485 \u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 RS485 \u6536\u53d1\u5668\u82af\u7247\uff08\u5982 MAX485\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ece\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>UART\uff08TTL \u7535\u5e73\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91 1 \u901a\u5e38\u662f 3.3V \u6216 5V\uff0c\u903b\u8f91 0 \u662f 0V\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u5f31\uff0c\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u677f\u7ea7\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>RS232<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u8d1f\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u903b\u8f91 1 \u662f-3V \u5230-15V\uff0c\u903b\u8f91 0 \u662f +3V \u5230 +15V\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7535\u538b\u6446\u5e45\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u8017\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002RS232 \u662f\u5355\u7aef\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5171\u6a21\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>RS485<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u5927\u4e8e +200mV \u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91 1\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e-200mV \u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91 0\u3002\u5dee\u5206\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u6297\u5171\u6a21\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u901f\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u901f\u7387\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>UART\uff08TTL \u7535\u5e73\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u7c73\uff0c\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7f06\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728 PCB \u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u82af\u7247\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>RS232<\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a 15 \u7c73\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u964d\u4f4e\u6ce2\u7279\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728 9600bps \u7684\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u8f93 30 \u7c73\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u8ddd\u79bb\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u548c\u5e72\u6270\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u901a\u4fe1\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>RS485<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ef\u8fbe 1200 \u7c73\u3002\u800c\u4e14 RS485 \u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6743\u8861\u7684\uff1a\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 10Mbps\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6700\u5927\u8ddd\u79bb 1200 \u7c73\u65f6\uff0c\u901f\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u9650\u5236\u5728 100kbps \u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ece\u901a\u4fe1\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>UART\/RS232<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u4e32\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u53e3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>RS485<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u591a\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff08\u4e5f\u53eb\u603b\u7ebf\u578b\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u8fbe 128 \u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u503c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8d1f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 RS485 \u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u5e03\u7ebf\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0cRS485 \u652f\u6301\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u548c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6839\u7ebf\uff08A \u548c B\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u56db\u6839\u7ebf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 UART \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0cUART \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e0e PC \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 USB \u8f6c TTL \u6a21\u5757\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 GPS \u6a21\u5757\u3001\u84dd\u7259\u6a21\u5757\u3001WiFi \u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a STM32 \u4f7f\u7528 HAL \u5e93\u8fdb\u884c UART \u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ UART\u521d\u59cb\u5316\nUART_HandleTypeDef huart1;\n\u200b\nvoid MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)\n{\n    huart1.Instance = USART1;\n    huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;\n    huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;\n    huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;\n    huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;\n    huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;\n    huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;\n    \n    if (HAL_UART_Init(&amp;huart1) != HAL_OK)\n    {\n        Error_Handler();\n    }\n}\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\nuint8_t txData[] = &quot;Hello UART!\/r\/n&quot;;\nHAL_UART_Transmit(&amp;huart1, txData, sizeof(txData)-1, 1000);\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\nuint8_t rxData[100];\nHAL_UART_Receive(&amp;huart1, rxData, 10, 1000);<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4.2 RS232 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>RS232 \u867d\u7136\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u5408\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8001\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u914d\u5907 RS232 \u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u5982\u793a\u6ce2\u5668\u3001\u9891\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u4eea\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>PLC\uff08\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff09\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 RS232 \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684 UART \u548c RS232 \u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u82af\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 MAX232 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 TTL \u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a RS232 \u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u5916\u56f4\u7535\u5bb9\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 RS485 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>RS485 \u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u6781\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5de5\u4e1a\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u697c\u5b87\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u95e8\u7981\u3001\u7167\u660e\u3001\u7a7a\u8c03\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\u7684\u6284\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u4e1a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 RS485 \u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u603b\u7ebf\u4e24\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u52a0 120 \u6b27\u59c6\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u603b\u7ebf\u62c9\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u62c9\u548c\u4e0b\u62c9\u7535\u963b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u591a\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u603b\u7ebf\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 MAX485 \u8fdb\u884c RS485 \u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49RS485\u65b9\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a\n#define RS485_DE_GPIO_Port GPIOA\n#define RS485_DE_Pin GPIO_PIN_8\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u6a21\u5f0f\nvoid RS485_TX_Mode(void)\n{\n    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(RS485_DE_GPIO_Port, RS485_DE_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);\n    HAL_Delay(1); \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u82af\u7247\u5207\u6362\n}\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u6a21\u5f0f\nvoid RS485_RX_Mode(void)\n{\n    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(RS485_DE_GPIO_Port, RS485_DE_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);\n    HAL_Delay(1);\n}\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\nvoid RS485_SendData(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)\n{\n    RS485_TX_Mode();\n    HAL_UART_Transmit(&amp;huart1, data, len, 1000);\n    RS485_RX_Mode();\n}\n\u200b\n\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\nvoid RS485_ReceiveData(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)\n{\n    RS485_RX_Mode();\n    HAL_UART_Receive(&amp;huart1, data, len, 1000);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>5. \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u677f\u7ea7\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 UART \u7684 TTL \u7535\u5e73\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e0e\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u7b49\u8ddd\u79bb\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5728\u51e0\u7c73\u5230\u5341\u51e0\u7c73\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9 RS232\u3002\u867d\u7136 RS232 \u6bd4\u8f83\u8001\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d85\u8fc7 15 \u7c73\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 RS485 \u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cRS485 \u7684\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u591a\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u901f\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u901f\u4f20\u8f93\u4e14\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0d\u8fdc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 LVDS\uff08\u4f4e\u538b\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5e03\u7ebf\u56f0\u96be\u6216\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u84dd\u7259\u3001WiFi\u3001LoRa \u7b49\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230 UART\u3001RS232\u3001RS485 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>UART \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1bRS232 \u548c RS485 \u5219\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684 UART \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 UART \u7684 TTL \u7535\u5e73\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u82af\u7247\u5c06 TTL \u7535\u5e73\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a RS232 \u6216 RS485 \u7535\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047550656\">https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047550656<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u826f\u8bb8\u3002 \u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e32\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab UART\u3001RS [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10021198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-share"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10021198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10021198\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10021198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10021198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10021198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}