{"id":10021153,"date":"2025-12-29T18:29:26","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T10:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021153"},"modified":"2025-12-29T18:29:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T10:29:26","slug":"%e5%90%8c%e4%ba%8b%e6%9f%a5%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e5%a4%aa%e6%85%a2%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e7%8e%b0%e5%9c%ba%e6%95%99%e4%bb%96%e4%b8%80%e5%a5%97-awk%e3%80%81tail%e3%80%81grep%e3%80%81sed-%e7%bb%84%e5%90%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10021153","title":{"rendered":"\u540c\u4e8b\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u573a\u6559\u4ed6\u4e00\u5957 awk\u3001tail\u3001grep\u3001sed \u7ec4\u5408\u62f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6628\u5929\u4e34\u4e0b\u73ed\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u62a5\u9519\u9884\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6b63~~\u51c6\u5907\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u53ea\u89c1\u4ed6\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4 cat application.log<\/code> \uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a 2GB<\/strong> \u5927\u5c0f\u6587\u672c\u554a\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u54d7\u54d7\u5237\u5565\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0ccrtl + c \u4e5f\u505c\u4e0d\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f7b\u8f7b\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff5e<\/p>\n

\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1 Linux \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u529f\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51e0\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e tail<\/code>\u3001less<\/code>\u3001grep<\/code>\u3001sed<\/code>\u3001awk<\/code> \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u8be2\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u540d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5c0f\u5bcc\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8<\/strong><\/p>\n

tail<\/h3>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u4e60\u60ef\u7528 cat<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccat<\/code> \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c4f\u5e55\u5237\u5c4f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5361\u6b7b\u3002tail<\/code> \u624d\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u795e\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f A\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u7248\u542f\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u6b21\u53d1\u7248\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4 Spring Boot \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

# -f (follow)\uff1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ffd\u52a0\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\ntail -f logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f B\uff1a\u914d\u5408\u6d4b\u8bd5\u590d\u73b0 Bug<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u70b9\u4e00\u4e0b\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u76ef\u7740\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u53ea\u770b\u6700\u540e 200 \u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5b9e\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e72\u6270\ntail -n 200 -f logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
less<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 less<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e vim<\/code> \u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\uff0cless<\/code> \u662f\u6309\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u51e0\u4e2a G \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6781\u5176\u6d41\u7545\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u5411\u540e\u56de\u6eaf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u8ffd\u67e5\u67d0\u7b14\u5ba2\u8bc9\u8ba2\u5355<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u8425\u53cd\u9988\uff1a\u521a\u624d 10 \u70b9\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7 ORD12345678<\/code> \u652f\u4ed8\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u65e5\u5fd7\u672b\u5c3e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f80\u524d\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u627e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
less logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fdb\u5165\u754c\u9762\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Shift + G<\/code> \u5148\u8df3\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6700\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u62a5\u9519\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. ?ORD12345678<\/code> \u8f93\u5165\u95ee\u53f7+\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u53cd\u5411\u641c\u7d22<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. n<\/code>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u884c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6309 n<\/code> \u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0a\u627e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. Shift + F<\/code> \u5982\u679c\u770b\u7740\u770b\u7740\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u53c8\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 less \u8fdb\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c tail -f<\/code> \u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u6309 Ctrl + C<\/code> \u9000\u56de\u6d4f\u89c8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    grep<\/h3>\n
    grep<\/code> \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u641c\u7d22\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f A\uff1a\u8fd8\u539f\u62a5\u9519\u73b0\u573a\uff08\u5173\u952e\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u53ea\u770b\u5230 NullPointerException<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u62a5\u9519\u524d<\/strong>\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u62a5\u9519\u540e<\/strong>\u7684\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6b64\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5408 -C<\/code> (Context) \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
    # \u641c\u7d22\u5f02\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c "\u524d\u540e\u5404 20 \u884c"\ngrep -C 20 "NullPointerException" logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f B\uff1a\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a TraceId<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 TraceId<\/code> \u4e32\u8054\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6eda\u52a8\uff08Rolling\uff09\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 app.log<\/code>\u3001app.log.1<\/code>\u3001app.log.2<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a TraceId\u3002<\/p>\n
    # \u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 app.log \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\ngrep "TraceId-20251219001" logs\/app.log*<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f C\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f02\u5e38\u9891\u6b21<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u8001\u677f\u95ee\uff1a\u201cRedis \u8d85\u65f6\u5f02\u5e38\u4eca\u5929\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\uff1f\u662f\u5076\u53d1\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
    \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6570\u6570\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
    # -c (count)\uff1a\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u6570\ngrep -c "RedisConnectionException" logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f D\uff1a\u6392\u9664\u5e72\u6270\u566a\u97f3<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u65e0\u5173\u7684 INFO<\/code> \u5fc3\u8df3\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u89c6\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n
    # -v (invert)\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b "HealthCheck" \u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\ngrep -v "HealthCheck" logs\/application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    sed<\/h3>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u65e5\u5fd7\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709 10GB\uff0cgrep \u641c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f9d\u7136\u8fc7\u591a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u5728 14:00 \u5230 14:05<\/strong> \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/p>\n
    \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0csed<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5355\u72ec\u5207<\/strong>\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u6162\u6162\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e8b\u6545\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/p>\n
    # \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1ased -n '\/\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\/,\/\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\/p' \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 > \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\n# \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\nsed -n '\/2025-12-19 14:00\/,\/2025-12-19 14:05\/p' logs\/application.log > error_segment.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u51e0 MB \u7684 error_segment.log<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u7ed9\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
    Awk<\/h3>\n
    awk<\/code> \u64c5\u957f\u5904\u7406\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5982 Nginx \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001Apache \u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u7b80\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f A\uff1a\u906d\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u6076\u610f IP<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u670d\u52a1\u7a81\u7136\u62a5\u8b66 CPU \u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u906d\u5230 CC \u653b\u51fb\u6216\u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790 Nginx \u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u7684 IP\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u662f IP\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # 1. awk '{print $1}'\uff1a\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff08IP\uff09\n# 2. sort\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u7684 IP \u6392\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\n# 3. uniq -c\uff1a\u53bb\u91cd\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a IP \u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n# 4. sort -nr\uff1a\u6309\u6b21\u6570(n)\u5012\u5e8f(r)\u6392\u5217\n# 5. head -n 10\uff1a\u53d6\u524d 10 \u540d\n\nawk '{print $1}' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f B\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u6700\u6162\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong><\/p>\n
    Nginx \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u628a\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
    # $NF \u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\n# \u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u4e8e 1 \u79d2\u7684 URL\uff08\u5047\u8bbe URL \u5728\u7b2c 7 \u5217\uff09\nawk '$NF > 1.000 {print $7, $NF}' access.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
    \u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u5e38\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u523b\u5728\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u6216\u8005\u6536\u85cf\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u7740\u573a\u666f\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5c31ok\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
    https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000047504024<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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