{"id":10020832,"date":"2025-06-17T02:40:08","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T18:40:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020832"},"modified":"2025-06-17T02:40:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T18:40:08","slug":"emacs-%e6%98%af%e4%bb%96%e4%bb%ac%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%8c%e4%b9%9f%e6%98%af%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020832","title":{"rendered":"Emacs \u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u7684"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000046621831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8ba9 Emacs \u7565\u5e26\u611f\u6027<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Emacs \u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u4e00\u65f6\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0 init.el \u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u5c5e\u5175\u5bb6\u5fc5\u4e89\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4eb2\u529b\u4eb2\u4e3a\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u5806\u964c\u751f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u67d0\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9 init.el \u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5c3d\u529b\u4e88\u4ee5\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u9694\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4efd .el \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 init.el \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5c06\u5176\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236 init.el \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Emacs \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf <code>load-path<\/code>\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u4ece init.el \u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u653e\u5728 ~\/.my-emacs \u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684 my-config.el \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 <code>load-path<\/code>\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u53ef\u5728 init.el \u91cc\u7528 <code>load<\/code> \u8f7d\u5165 my-config.el \u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e3a init.el \u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(setq load-path (cons &quot;~\/.my-emacs&quot; load-path))\n(load &quot;my-config.el&quot;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00 Emacs\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece ~\/.my-emacs \u52a0\u8f7d my-config.el \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u7528\u7684 <code>cons<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5173\u8054\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u63d0\u8d77\u8fc7\u5b83\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u9020\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u5217\u8868\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e <code>load<\/code>\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u80fd\u4ece <code>load-path<\/code> \u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u76ee\u5f55\u641c\u7d22\u7ed9\u5b9a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8f7d\u5165\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u9014\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>cons<\/code>\uff0c<code>car<\/code> \u4ee5\u53ca <code>cdr<\/code> \u662f\u6240\u6709 Lisp \u8bed\u8a00\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684 Lisp \u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u662f CPU \u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b Lisp \u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f Emacs \u5df2\u7ecf\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u5199\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a Lisp \u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6570\u5178\u5fd8\u7956\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6216\u4e8c\u5143\u7ec4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(let ((x (cons 1 2)))  ;; x \u4e3a \uff081 . 2)\n  (car x)  ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 1\n  (cdr x))  ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7528 <code>cons<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(cons 1 nil)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(cons 1 '())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u7b49\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u662f <code>(1)<\/code> \u5373\u53ea\u542b\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e14\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a 1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u5728 Elisp \u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c<code>nil<\/code> \u5373 <code>'()<\/code>\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<code>'()<\/code> \u5373\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6545\u800c <code>nil<\/code> \u4e5f\u662f\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u7740\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(equal nil '())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>equal<\/code> \u662f Elisp \u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u6700\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a <code>t<\/code>\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e <code>nil<\/code> \u5373 <code>'()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(let ((x (cons 1 nil)))\n  (car x)  ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 1\n  (cdr x)) ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a nil<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u518d\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(let ((x (cons 1 nil)))\n  (setq x (cons 0 x)) ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a (0 1)\n  (car x)  ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 0\n  (cdr x)) ;; \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a (1)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 <code>cdr<\/code> \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u82e5 <code>x<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5219 <code>(car x)<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6 <code>x<\/code> \u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c <code>(cdr x)<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u662f <code>x<\/code> \u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373 <code>car<\/code> \u548c <code>cdr<\/code> \u53ef\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8eab\u9996\u5f02\u5904\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e <code>cons<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u5217\u8868\u9996\u90e8\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(setq load-path (cons &quot;~\/.my-emacs&quot; load-path))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570 <code>length<\/code>\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7528\u5b83\u83b7\u53d6\u8fc7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(length load-path)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 36\uff0c\u8868\u793a <code>load-path<\/code> \u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 36 \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>dolist<\/code> \u904d\u5386\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(dolist (dir load-path)\n  (message &quot;%s&quot; dir))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7ec3\u4e60<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>reverse-list<\/code>\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u53ef\u5c06\u5217\u8868 <code>(0 1 2 3 4 5)<\/code> \u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a <code>(5 4 3 2 1 0)<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a <code>while<\/code> \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Emacs \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>push<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d4b\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lisp\">(push &quot;~\/.my-emacs&quot; load-path)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u5411 init.el \u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u914c\u60c5\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u4f60\u7684 my-config.el \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\uff0cmy-config.el \u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u719f\u6089\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4f60\u5728 Emacs \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000046644679\">https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000046644679<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a\u8ba9 Emacs \u7565\u5e26\u611f\u6027 Emacs \u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u4e00\u65f6\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0 in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10020832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-share"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10020832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10020832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10020832\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10020832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10020832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10020832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}