{"id":10020534,"date":"2024-12-22T10:43:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-22T02:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020534"},"modified":"2024-12-22T10:43:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-22T02:43:24","slug":"typescript%e4%b8%8ejavascript%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020534","title":{"rendered":"TypeScript\u4e0eJavaScript\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u804a\u4e00\u804a TypeScript \u548c JavaScript \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0cTypeScript \u662f JavaScript \u7684\u8d85\u96c6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u6bd4 JavaScript \u591a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9009\u62e9 TypeScript\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5199\u666e\u901a\u7684 JavaScript \u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u770b TypeScript \u548c JavaScript \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTypeScript\u4e0eJavaScript\uff1f<\/h3>\n

JavaScript<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u3002\u4f60\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 Node.js \u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u3002JavaScript \u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u6027\u8ba9\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

TypeScript<\/strong> \u5219\u662f JavaScript \u7684\u201c\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 JavaScript \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cTypeScript \u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed9 JavaScript \u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u5242\u201c\u589e\u5f3a\u5242\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n

3.2.1 JavaScript\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cTypeScript\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

JavaScript<\/strong> \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

let message = "Hello, World!";\nmessage = 42;  \/\/ \u8fd9\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aJavaScript\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0cmessage<\/code> \u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5728 TypeScript<\/strong> \u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u9760 TypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
let message: string = "Hello, World!";\nmessage = 42;  \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3amessage\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3astring\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\uff0cTypeScript \u4f1a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
3.2.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h4>\n
TypeScript<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f JavaScript \u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u6765\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
let count: number = 10;  \/\/ count\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u4e3anumber\u7c7b\u578b\nlet name: string = "Alice";  \/\/ name\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u4e3astring\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u53d8\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
3.3 \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1a\u7c7b\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n
3.3.1 \u7c7b\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n
\u5728 JavaScript<\/strong> \u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u5728 ES6 \u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 ES6 \u624d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0cJavaScript \u7684\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
class Person {\n  constructor(name, age) {\n    this.name = name;\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n  }\n}\n\nlet person = new Person("Alice", 30);\nperson.greet();<\/code><\/pre>\n
TypeScript<\/strong> \u5219\u5728 JavaScript \u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\uff08public\u3001private\u3001protected\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u53e3\uff08Interfaces\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728 TypeScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
class Person {\n  public name: string;\n  private age: number;\n\n  constructor(name: string, age: number) {\n    this.name = name;\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n  }\n\n  getAge(): number {\n    return this.age;\n  }\n}\n\nlet person = new Person("Alice", 30);\nperson.greet();\nconsole.log(person.getAge());  \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7getter\u83b7\u53d6age\n\/\/ person.age = 31;  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff1aage\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/code><\/pre>\n
TypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n
3.3.2 \u63a5\u53e3\uff08Interface\uff09<\/h4>\n
\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong> \u662f TypeScript \u72ec\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7c7b\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
interface Person {\n  name: string;\n  age: number;\n}\n\nfunction greet(person: Person) {\n  console.log(`Hello, my name is ${person.name} and I am ${person.age} years old.`);\n}\n\nlet person: Person = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };\ngreet(person);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3 Person<\/code> \u5f3a\u5236 greet<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709 name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u63a5\u53e3\u8981\u6c42\uff0cTypeScript \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
3.4 \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n
JavaScript<\/strong> \u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 Node.js \u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c TypeScript<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 tsc<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5c06 TypeScript \u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210 JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u7684 JavaScript \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 TypeScript \u6587\u4ef6 hello.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n
let message: string = "Hello, TypeScript!";\nconsole.log(message);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a JavaScript\uff1a<\/p>\n
tsc hello.ts<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a hello.js<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684 JavaScript\uff1a<\/p>\n
var message = "Hello, TypeScript!";\nconsole.log(message);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 node hello.js<\/code> \u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa Hello, TypeScript!<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
3.5 TypeScript\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cTypeScript \u6bd4 JavaScript \u597d\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cTypeScript \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1aTypeScript \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4f53\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a TypeScript \u5f3a\u5236\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 IDE \u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8865\u5168\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1aTypeScript \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u7b49\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cTypeScript \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    3.6 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
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    JavaScript \u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\u867d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0cTypeScript \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 TypeScript \u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\uff01<\/p>\n
    https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/a\/1190000045667178<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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