{"id":10020321,"date":"2024-09-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020321"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T16:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10020321","title":{"rendered":"\u5168\u7f51\u6700\u5168 OpenAI o1 \u4e07\u5b57\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u539f\u7406\u548c\u56e2\u961f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/2023\/04\/13\/f35c645e-d9dd-11ed-8440-00163e0b5ff3.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>60s\u901f\u8bfb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1ao1\u662fOpenAI 9\u670812\u65e5\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fSam\u4e00\u76f4\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8349\u8393\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u8d28\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5185\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u7ea0\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8868\u73b0\uff1ao1\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u5982GPT4o\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6784\u6210\uff1ao1\u7cfb\u5217\u5305\u62eco1\u3001o1-preview\u548co1-mini\u3002o1\u6682\u672a\u516c\u5f00\uff0co1-preiview \u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u6237\u548cAPI\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002o1-mini \u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u65b0\u7684Scaling Laws\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Ilya \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u8ba9 AI \u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c1d\u8bd5\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6548\u679c\u8d85\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u65b0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 AI \u8bb0\u4f4f\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Self-play\uff1a\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5229\u7528 AI \u65e0\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8865\u8db3\u5b83\u6570\u636e\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Critic Model\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5229\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u66f4\u5f3a\u66f4\u4e13\u9879\u7684Critic Model\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf\u731c\u60f3\uff1a1. MCTS\u641c\u7d22\uff1b2. PRM\u4ec5\u5728\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u65f6\u8fdb\u884cMCTS\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u8282\u7ea6\u7684Beam Search\uff1b3. \u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u7684Bootstrap\u6a21\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 Rationales \u878d\u5165\u5230\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5185\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eSTaR\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1a\u7531\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u7b49\u6a21\u5757\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\uff1aLet&#8217;s Verify Step by Step\u3001STaR\u3001rStar\u3001Quiet-STaR\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56e2\u961f\uff1ao1 \u768421\u4e2a Foundational \u8d21\u732e\u8005\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u9ad8\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u5360\u6bd46\/21\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u4e13\u79d1\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Github o1\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u6c47\u603b\uff1ahttps:\/\/github.com\/hijkzzz\/Awesome-LLM-Strawberry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2  id=\"toc-1\" class=\"jltoc--item\">\u4e00\u3001\u80cc\u666f\uff1aOpenAI\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u6a21\u578bo1\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u867d\u7136OpenAI 2024\u5e74 \u5e74\u5316\u8425\u6536\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u4ece\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u768420\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u957f\u81f3\u7ea635\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6\u517690\u4ebf\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"js-star yyp--fancyPost\" data-id=\"45\"><\/div>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cOpenAI\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u96be\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u53d8\u73b0\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e7f\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u6700\u4f73\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/pba5pnt6bp88lKOzrvxS.jpeg\" width=\"470\" height=\"328\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08OpenAI\u8425\u6536\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1atooltester\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8425\u6536\u6784\u6210\u4e0a\uff0cC\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u9605\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u3001API\u548cChatGPT Team\u4e1a\u52a1\u5206\u522b\u5360\u8425\u6536\u768455%\u300121%\u300115%\u548c8%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"js_asyningdom aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/DmzuQSY7FcrQc7KbWVBs.png\" width=\"549\" height=\"182\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08OpenAI\u8425\u6536\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1atooltester\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u636eThe Information\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u4e8f\u635f50\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cOpenAI\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u878d\u8d44\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86OpenAI\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u636e\u5f6d\u535a\u793e\u6d88\u606f\uff0cOpenAI\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u5546\u8c08\u4ee51500\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4f30\u503c\u878d\u8d4465\u4ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f30\u503c\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53bb\u5e7410\u6708\u65f6\u7684860\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Ilya\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u624d\u51fa\u8d70\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u653e\u7f13\uff0cSora\u201c\u671f\u8d27\u201d\u8fdf\u8fdf\u672a\u5151\u73b0\uff0cGPT-5\u4e0d\u505c\u8df3\u7968\uff0c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3Scaling Law\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u8d28\u7591\u2026\u2026\u5728OpenAI\u53d1\u5e03o1\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531ChatGPT\u53d1\u5e03\u5f15\u9886\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9769\u547d\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u4f4e\u8c37\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cOpenAI\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e4b\u4e00Anthropic \uff0c\u4ece\u843d\u540e\u4e8e OpenAI 18 \u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5728o1\u53d1\u5e03\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u5c42\u9762\u8ffd\u5e73\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u9886\u5148\u4f18\u52bf\u4e86\u3002Anthropic 6\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684 Claude-3.5-Sonnet \uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5199200\u884c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d854o\u768420 \u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cOpenAI\u81ea2022\u5e7411\u6708ChatGPT\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51e0\u4e4e\u505c\u6ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/qxUDAD86xAkAyoeAiNL7.jpeg\" width=\"497\" height=\"253\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08ChatGPT\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1atooltester\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7684AI\u70ed\u6f6e\u6b63\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u964d\u6e29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u65b9\u9762\uff0cVC\u8d44\u91d1\u5bf9AI\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u8d44\u5360\u6bd4\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5360\u6bd4\u63a5\u8fd130%\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u91d1\u989d\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u56de\u843d\u52302020\u5e74\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u964d\u5e45\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/CFTXAJYDavY0VF4aRw88.jpeg\" width=\"510\" height=\"314\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08VC\u5bf9AI\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u91d1\u989d\u548c\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7845\u8c37\u79d1\u6280\u8bc4\u8bba\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684AI\u62b1\u56e2\u8ffd\u6da8\u884c\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u4f1f\u8fbe\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7f8e\u80a1AGIX\u6307\u6570\u4ece\u9ad8\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u843d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/H4klOUnehP1QQGkHBcCD.jpeg\" width=\"506\" height=\"255\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08AGI\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u5916\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578bo1\u7ed9\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u201c\u753b\u997c\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86OpenAI\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2  id=\"toc-2\" class=\"jltoc--item\">\u4e8c\u3001\u73b0\u8c61\uff1ao1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u5f3a\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/h2>\n<h3>1. OpenAI\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fed\u4ee3\u53f2<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3aOpenAI\u57282023\u5e74GPT4\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u65b0\uff0co1\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/NaMj0GbitJ5kQNzmyxoa.jpeg\" width=\"576\" height=\"181\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08OpenAI\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1atooltester\uff09<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u6570\u636e\uff1ao1\u5728STEM\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762<\/h3>\n<p>2.1 \u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57282024\u5e74\u7684AIME\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e8\u5728\u6311\u6218\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u806a\u660e\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff09\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\uff0cGPT-4o\u53ea\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8613%\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0co1\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u662f83%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u9762\uff0cGPT-4o\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898(Codeforces)\u4e0a\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u662f11%\uff0co1 \u662f89%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.3 \u5728\u535a\u58eb\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898(GPQA Diamond)\uff0cGPT4o\u662f56.1%\uff0co1\u5219\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7c7b\u535a\u58eb69.7%\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6050\u6016\u768478%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/4mE2dv7BexF8P8KcraLq.jpeg\" width=\"489\" height=\"190\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08o1\u4e0egpt4o\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aOpenAI\u5b98\u7f51\uff09<\/p>\n<p>2.4 \u5728\u542f\u7528\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u6a21\u6001o1\u5728MMMU\u4e0a\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a78.2%\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u535a\u58eb\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0co1\u66f4\u662f\u5927\u5e45\u9886\u5148\u4eba\u7c7b\u535a\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.5 \u5728IOI\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u5965\u6797\u5339\u514b\u7ade\u8d5b\uff09\u4e2d\u5728\u6bcf\u9898 50 \u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c 49%\/213\u5206\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u989810,000\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86362\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u91d1\u724c\u95e8\u69db\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/6pTl982GcXyngKIpCNZu.png\" width=\"503\" height=\"377\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08o1\u4e0egpt4o\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aOpenAI\u5b98\u7f51\uff09<\/p>\n<p>2.6 \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u8861\u91cf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d8a\u72f1\u201d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0cGPT-4o \u5f97\u5206\u4e3a 22\/100\uff0c\u800co1-preview \u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a 84\/100\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.7 \u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u901a\u7528\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u4f46o1\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb \u52a1\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740o1\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u521b\u65b0\uff1aself-play RL+\u5185\u5316COT<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0co1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u4e4b\u524d\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u3002o1\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7531\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u590d\u6742\u7684COT\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5185\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u7ea0\u9519\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>o1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/8Wekm2PRNZe6RUrD7xs8.jpeg\" width=\"481\" height=\"270\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08o1 \u6027\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u5e73\u7a33\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aOpenAI\u5b98\u7f51\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60+\u5185\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0co1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5728\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u201c\u8bfb\u61c2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u4e3a\u76d1\u63a7\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e14\u6e05\u6670\u7684\uff0c\u5185\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5141\u8bb8OpenAI\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u672a\u6765OpenAI\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u76d1\u63a7\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u662f\u5426\u6709\u64cd\u63a7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u672a\u7ecf\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64OpenAI\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u7b56\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u6216\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf1\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf2<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf1\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u800c\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5219\u89e3\u9501\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf2\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u9010\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u62c6\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u6301\u7eed\u8bd5\u9519\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u56f4\u68cb\u65b9\u9762\u7684AlphGo\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u6e38\u620f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf1\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf2\u6765\u81ea\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u5361\u5c3c\u66fc\u7684\u300a\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5feb\u4e0e\u6162\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf 1\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u9700\u601d\u8003\u4fbf\u80fd\u8ba4\u51fa\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf 2\uff1a\u6162\u901f\u3001\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u505a\u51fa\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u5b66\u9898\u6216\u8ba1\u5212\u957f\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8c03\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf 2 \u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/pD4O86qjJAljJxo4hA1S.jpeg\" width=\"542\" height=\"179\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf1\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf2\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7b80\u4e66\uff09<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b\u7f51\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u7b80\u5355\u63d0\u4e0b\u201c\u8349\u8393\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/Ry2Wyd0vuBU4Dsu6Heeh.jpeg\" width=\"548\" height=\"304\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8349\u8393\u7684\u6897\u6700\u521d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5GPT\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6570\u5bf9\u8349\u8393\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u91cc\u9762\u7684r\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u800cOpenAI\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7self-play\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578bReasoning\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6570\u5bf9r\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u8349\u8393\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u9175\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Sam\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u6697\u793a\u4e2d\u5347\u6e29\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/qxZj3HQOt8IPXwev9oQV.png\" width=\"467\" height=\"607\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>6. \u4e1a\u754c\u5173\u4e8eo1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u9762\u89c2\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p><strong>6.1 \u6b63\u9762\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jason Wei\uff0cOpenAI\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0cCOT\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u6b65\u9aa4\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0co1 \u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/GUCBiA7RU0ge8JnR2XjH.png\" width=\"553\" height=\"676\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6768\u690d\u9e9f\uff0cKimi\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u89c4\u6a21\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fdAGI\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u88abOpenAI\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u5230\u6781\u81f4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662fScaling law\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u6001\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8868\u793a\u653e\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u80fd\u591f\u53bb\u505a\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684 reasoning \u6216\u8005 instruction-following \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3AI\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u667a\u5546\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002AI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7531\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u597d\u3002AI\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aAI\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3AI\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7aef\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5341\u500d\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8096\u4ef0\u534e\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u535a\u5bfc\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201co1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ea7\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u77e5\u6027\u3001\u611f\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5747\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea7\u751f\u4f55\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd8\u5f88\u96be\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u73b0\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cbb\u7406\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\uff0co1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56de\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u524d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u79d1\u751f\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7406\u79d1\u751f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4ecd\u7136\u8f83\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u601d\u8003\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\uff0cOpenAI\u65b0\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u578bo1\u7cfb\u5217\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0o1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u4e0a\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740o1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6bd4\u535a\u58eb\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u535a\u58eb\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u719f\u7ec3\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u6b20\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u8bdd\u9898\u5c06\u5f15\u8d77\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.2 \u8d1f\u9762\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u590d\u65e6NLP\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u535a\u58eb\u7ea7\u201d\u6a21\u578bGPT-o1\u6298\u621f\u4e2d\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u201c\u9677\u9631\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a24.3%<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a&#8221;AI\u5929\u624d&#8221;\u6cfc\u4e86\u4e00\u76c6\u51b7\u6c34\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u6c34\u5e73\u7684&#8221;\u9677\u9631&#8221;\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0cGPT-o1\u60e8\u906d\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\uff1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u9677\u9631\u95ee\u9898\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6MathTrap_Public\u4e0a\uff0c\u8c03\u7528GPT-o1-preview\u5b98\u65b9API\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a24.3% \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728 GSM8K \u548c MATH \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u9677\u9631\u201d\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u4e86 MathTrap \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u7f16\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u89e3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u9898\u548c\u201c\u9677\u9631\u201d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u70b9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u9677\u9631\u201d\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u201c\u5237\u699c\u201d\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5728 GSM8K \u548c MATH \u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u5728 MathTrap \u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u597d\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d28\u7591\u9898\u76ee\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff1aExploring the Compositional Deficiency of Large Language Models in Mathematical Reasoning Through Trap Problems<\/p>\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2405.06680<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<p><strong>7.1 ChatGPT\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ChatGPT Plus\u548cTeam\u7528\u6237\u4ece9\u670812\u65e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u5728ChatGPT\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eeo1\u6a21\u578b\u3002o1-preview\u548co1-mini\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\uff0co1-preview\u7684\u6bcf\u5468\u6d88\u606f\u9650\u5236\u4e3a50\u6761\uff0co1-mini \u4e3a\u6bcf\u592950\u6761\u3002ChatGPT Enterprise \u548c Edu \u7528\u6237\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u5468\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b26\u5408 API \u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u7ea7 5 \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u5728 API \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5206\u949f 20 \u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002OpenAI\u8fd8\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06 o1-mini \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6240\u6709 ChatGPT \u514d\u8d39\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be6\u89c1https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/introducing-openai-o1-preview\/<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2 \u975eChatGPT\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cursor\u5df2\u7ecf\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684o1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709ChatGPT\u4f1a\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/1V7zOL0nuuXRMtxPP5NP.png\" width=\"546\" height=\"442\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>8. \u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u610f\u4e49<\/h3>\n<p><strong>8.1 \u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u7684Scaling Laws \u2014\u2014 Post-Training Scaling Laws\uff08\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6269\u5c55\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u529b\u5206\u914d\u3001\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/8EG5WxPYm5EVdX3eewoh.png\" width=\"535\" height=\"269\" \/><\/p>\n<p>o1 \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740 AI \u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 Post-Training \u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347 RL \u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u7406\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5373 Post-Training Scaling Laws\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u98de\u8f6e + Bootstrap -&gt; SuperIntelligence : \u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u4e3e Bootstrap\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u98de\u8f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5411 SuperIntelligence \u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.2 AI\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AI\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u5907\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740AI\u4ece\u4ec5\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7684 Level 1 \u6c34\u5e73\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u4e86 Level 2 \u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u7b2c3\u9636\u6bb5\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/AcLb9KeYrSIxAv4ybuEs.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff085 Levels Of AI Agents\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1acobusgreyling\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.3 \u5bf9\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09AI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u5371\u4e0e\u673a<\/p>\n<p>\u5371\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740o1\u5c06\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5185\u5316\u8fdb\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740AI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u672a\u6765\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u5174\u8d771\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u201d\u5c97\u4f4d\u98ce\u96e8\u98d8\u6447\uff0cAI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5199\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684Prompt\uff0c\u800co1\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662fCOT\u7b49\u590d\u6742Prompt\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u6784\u9020\u590d\u6742Prompt\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u673a\uff1a\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740o1\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0cAI\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4e00\u6761\u9f99\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347AI\u4ea7\u54c1MVP\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u5de5\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136AI\u53d6\u4ee3\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd8\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c1a\u65e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e4b\u5927\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u4e0eAI\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u5c31\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6709\u671b\u501f\u52a9o1\u6a21\u578b\u548cCursor\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728InstructGPT\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u524d\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3aRLHF\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u88ab\u91cd\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>o1\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u56fd\u5185\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u6df7\u6218\u7684\u65b0\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2  id=\"toc-3\" class=\"jltoc--item\">\u4e09\u3001\u80cc\u540e\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1.1 \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u5b66\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8001\u5e08\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u7422\u78e8\uff1b\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5bf9\u9519\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff1b\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5219\u662f\u505a\u5bf9\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u505a\u9519\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/UM48xjeszcfst6lEquJa.png\" width=\"503\" height=\"256\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning\uff0cRL\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u523a\u6fc0\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u8005\u9f13\u52b1\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u79ef\u6781\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u9884\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u5448\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u4e88\u6fc0\u52b1\u523a\u6fc0\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfc\u81f4\u79ef\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1f\u9762\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u9762(\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u7684)\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u5df1\u73a9\u8d85\u7ea7\u9a6c\u91cc\u5965\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a2\u7d22\u73af\u5883\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684NPC\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u91d1\u5e01\u5956\u52b1\uff01\u5728n\u6b21\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5965\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2 Self-play<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Self-play \u662f AlphaZero \u7b49\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 1992 \u5e74\u7684 TD-Gammon \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5229\u7528 AI \u65e0\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8865\u8db3\u5b83\u6570\u636e\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 AlphaZero \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c40\u5bf9\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff08Monte Carlo Tree Search\uff0cMCTS\uff09\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002MCTS \u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff08policy\uff09\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08value\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8bc4\u4f30\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1) \u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7c7b\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2) self-play\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5f08\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3) MCTS\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0cAlphaZero \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 MCTS \u6765\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u4f73\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002MCTS \u4f7f\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u7f51\u7edc \uff08policy network\uff09 \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4) \u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u6211\u5bf9\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u9010\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3 Self-play\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u3001RLHF<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u57282018 \u5e74\uff0cIlya Sutskever\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e self-play \u662f\u901a\u5f80 AGI \u8def\u4e0a\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Ilya \u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u8ba9 AI \u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c1d\u8bd5\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6548\u679c\u8d85\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u65b0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 AI \u8bb0\u4f4f\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u4f20\u7edf\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0eself-play\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684 self-play \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982AlphaZero\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5343\u4e07\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5dee 3-4 \u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09Self-play \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0eRLHF \u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1aRLHF \u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u673a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 AI \u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u50cf\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff1aRLHF \u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c self-play \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u903b\u8f91\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u6700\u5f3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09RLHF \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u8fd9\u4e00\u5fc5\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 agent \u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5782\u76f4\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u72d7\u5750\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u6001\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/aiaRU825TOUMSgQvEdDH.png\" width=\"544\" height=\"308\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u5916\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f inference time \u6362 training time \u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 RLHF \u7684\u6548\u679c\u4f18\u4e8e SFT\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PPO \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u662fBerkeley PhD\uff0cOpenAI\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u5458 John Schulman\uff0c\u4ed6\u9488\u5bf9 RLHF PPO \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0cSFT \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 hallucination \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>John Schulman \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728 SFT \u9636\u6bb5\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002SFT \u8fc7\u5f3a\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc ChatGPT \u8bf4\u5b83\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373 GPT \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u6807\u6ce8\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cRLHF \u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RLHF \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f RLHF \u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86 reasoning \u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u5bf9\u5934\u75db\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\u60a3\u8005\u5403\u4e86\u611f\u5192\u836f\uff0c\u611f\u5192\u53d8\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u611f\u5192\u836f\u80fd\u6cbb\u597d\u611f\u5192\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u611f\u5192\u836f\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u611f\u5192\u7684\u597d\u8f6c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u800c RLHF \u6b63\u662f\u6210\u529f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u8d1f\u5411\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cRLHF \u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 negative signal \u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u964d\u4f4e halluciation\u3002\u200d<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u968f\u7740\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u95ee\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u62d3\u5bbd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u200d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210 counter-factual reasoning \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u9501\u56e0\u679c\u5b66\u4e60\uff08casual learning\uff09\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684 reasoning \u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.5 PRM\u4e0eORM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PRM\uff08Process reward model\uff09\u662f\u5956\u52b1\u597d\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7528 COT \u6765\u8868\u793a\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a LLM \u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf RL \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u79f0\u4e3a ORM\uff08outcome reward model\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM \u6210\u4e3a process verifier \uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u53eb\u505a PRM\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4f7f\u8f83\u5c0f LLM fine-tune \u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>OpenAI \u7684 verify step-by-step \u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684 paper \u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 PRM \u5728\u89e3\u51b3 MATH \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e2d 78.2%\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u4e8e ORM\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5e74 Google Research \u7684\u4e00\u7bc7 paper \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0cPRM \u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f RL \u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.6 Critic Model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4efb\u52a1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0co1\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86Critic\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5229\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u66f4\u5f3a\u66f4\u4e13\u9879\u7684Critic Model\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u5426\u5bfc\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>OpenAI\u7684CriticGPT\u901a\u8fc7RLHF\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4efb\u52a1\u4e66\u5199\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6cdb\u5316\u5230OOD\uff08\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5956\u52b1\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u539f\u7406\u7684\u731c\u60f3<\/h3>\n<p><strong>2.1 OpenAI\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u793a\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff0co1 \u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u7cbe\u70bc\u5176\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5b83\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>o1 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width=\"504\" height=\"366\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0cOpenAI\u5b98\u7f51\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 \u731c\u60f31<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f20\u4fca\u6797\uff1aMCTS\u641c\u7d22\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>OpenAI o1\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u4e8eRL\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u5019\u7684Scaling law\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e0e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u5019\u7684Scaling law\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5982\u679co1\u8d70\u7684\u662fMCTS\u641c\u7d22\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u628aCOT\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u8d8a\u7ec6\uff08\u589e\u52a0\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u652f\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6811\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5bbd\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u597dCOT\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u7b97\u529b\u80af\u5b9a\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6709\u7740\u6548\u679c\u968f\u7740\u7b97\u529b\u589e\u957f\u800c\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684RL\u7684Scaling law\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u6709\u4e4b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u5012\u89c9\u5f97\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3aRL\u7684Scaling law\u6709\u70b9\u540d\u4e0d\u526f\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 \u731c\u60f32<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u817e\u8baf\u79d1\u6280 \u5468\u5c0f\u71d5 \u90dd\u535a\u9633\uff1aPRM\u4ec5\u5728\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u65f6\u8fdb\u884cMCTS\u5f0f\u7684\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u8282\u7ea6\u7684Beam Search\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548ctoken\u6d88\u8017\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u6839\u636eHackernews\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86API\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63a8\u7b97\uff0co1\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684token\u662f\u5176\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u6848token\u768410\u500d\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u7684GPT-4o mini \u6240\u7528token\u768460-100\u500d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u80fd\u770b\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u6bcf\u6b65\u5f62\u62105\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\uff0c\u5355\u5c42\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684Lookahead Search\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u801745\u500dtoken\u3002\u4f46\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u6bcf\u6b65\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21Lookahead Search\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8d85100\u500dtoken\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8003\u8651\u5230MCTS\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\uff0c\u76ee\u524do1\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u7528\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0ctoken\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fbe\u52305-10\u500d\u3002\u517660\u500dtoken\u6d88\u8017\u53c8\u592a\u5927\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.4 \u731c\u60f33<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5317\u5927\u5bf9\u9f50\u56e2\u961f\uff1ao1\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5173\u952e\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eLLM\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u7684Bootstrap\u6a21\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\uff08Rationales)\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 Rationales \u878d\u5165\u5230\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5185\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u518d\u8fd0\u7528\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0Post-Training\u9636\u6bb5\u7684Scaling\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eSTaR\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cMCTS \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u504f\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5728 Token \u7ea7\u522b\u6216\u5b50\u53e5\u7ea7\u522b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u8c03\u6574\u751f\u6210\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982MCTS\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f Token \u7ea7\u522b\u6216\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Token \u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a Token\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 MCTS\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Token \u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u591a\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587<\/h3>\n<p><strong>3.1 Jason Wei \u7684 Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684COT\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201cchain of thought prompting\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u51e0\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u6761\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6fc0\u53d1\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u5e38\u8bc6\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/EIG6cRWg9CW8GU3PQaKH.png\" width=\"542\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5177\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u63d0\u793a\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CoT \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd \u201c\u601d\u8003\u94fe\u201d \u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cCoT\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c24\u5176\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4 CoT \u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Rationales) \u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 Ilya\u7b49\u4eba\u7684Let&#8217;s Verify Step by Step<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/RZMMxaIKAcxIZgaMdKr2.jpeg\" width=\"518\" height=\"351\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u6bd4\u7ed3\u679c\u76d1\u7763\u66f4\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u6bd4\u7ed3\u679c\u76d1\u7763\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3 MATH \u6570\u636e\u96c6 78.2% \u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u679c\u76d1\u7763\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3 66.4%\u3002\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u7528\u5206\u914d\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u5927\u578b\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4eba\u7c7b\u76d1\u7763<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4eba\u7c7b\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c0f\u578b\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u6d88\u878d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u540c\u76d1\u7763\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b66\u4e60\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8 2.6 \u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 PRM800K \u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/p>\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 PRM800K \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5305\u542b 800,000 \u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.3 \u65af\u5766\u798f&amp;\u8c37\u6b4cSTaR: Bootstrapping Reasoning with Reasoning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>STaR \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5229\u7528 LLM \u5df2\u6709\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u7684 Bootstrap \u6a21\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Rationales) \u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 Rationales \u878d\u5165\u5230\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5185\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u8d77\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4ec5\u6709 [Question, Answer] \uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684 Few-Shot Examples \u6765 Prompt \u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u518d\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u8c03\u6570\u636e\u96c6 [Question, Rationale, Answer ] \u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c Fine-tune \u4ece\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/sd41y4CsLFkF6pjDSa3v.png\" width=\"580\" height=\"236\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u521b\u65b0\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f15\u5bfc\uff1aSTaR \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u5f15\u5bfc LLM \u751f\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rationalization \u6280\u672f\uff1aSTaR \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 Rationalization \u6280\u672f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9 LLM \u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u6b63\u5411\u63a8\u7406\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09STaR \u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5347\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff1aSTaR \u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347 LLM \u5728\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u5e38\u8bc6\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u964d\u4f4e\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\uff1aSTaR \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u548c\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff1aSTaR \u80fd\u591f\u8ba9 LLM \u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5728\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09STaR \u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u6c42\uff1aSTaR \u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1aSTaR\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5c11\u91cf\u7684Few-Shot\u63a8\u7406\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u9650\uff1aSTaR\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u95ee\u9898\u56de\u7b54\uff09\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u57df\u6216\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\uff1aSTaR \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u521d\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521d\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4 STaR \u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5ea6\uff1aSTaR \u751f\u6210\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u6620 LLM \u7684\u5185\u90e8\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\uff09STaR \u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904<\/p>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u65b0\uff1aSTaR \u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1aSTaR \u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6\uff09STaR \u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\uff1aSTaR \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u68af\u5ea6\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0cSTaR \u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u7684\u751f\u6210\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aSTaR \u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 LLM \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aSTaR \u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Q-learning\u3001Sarsa \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.4 \u5fae\u8f6f\u7684 rStar\uff1aMutual Reasoning Makes Smaller LLMs Stronger Problem-Solvers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e<\/p>\n<p>rStar \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u65b0\u7684self-play\u81ea\u6211\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u5c0f\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b (SLM) \u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \u751f\u6210 \u548c \u9274\u522b \u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0 SLM \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u521b\u65b0\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1arStar \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u63a8\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 SLM \u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5019\u9009\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9274\u522b\uff1arStar \u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807 SLM \u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684 SLM \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9274\u522b\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5019\u9009\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u9274\u522b\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u76ee\u6807 SLM \u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u9700\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff1arStar \u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u5347 SLM \u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0crStar \u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u79cd\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591a\u4e2a SLM \u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 GSM8K \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0crStar \u5c06 LLaMA2-7B \u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4ece 12.51% \u63d0\u5347\u81f3 63.91%\uff0c\u5c06 Mistral-7B \u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4ece 36.46% \u63d0\u5347\u81f3 81.88%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A. \u751f\u6210\u9636\u6bb5 (MCTS Rollout):<\/p>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4: rStar \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u63a8\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>A1: \u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A2: \u63d0\u51fa\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A3: \u63d0\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A4: \u518d\u6b21\u56de\u7b54\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A5: \u91cd\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\/\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MCTS \u641c\u7d22: \u4f7f\u7528 MCTS \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u751f\u6210\u5019\u9009\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570: \u8bbe\u8ba1 SLM \u5b9a\u5236\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc MCTS \u6811\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u6837\u6027: \u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027: \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u89e3: \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u63a8\u7406\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1: \u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u7b54\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>B. \u9274\u522b\u9636\u6bb5 (Mutual Consistency):<\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u522b\u5668 SLM: \u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807 SLM \u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684 SLM \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9274\u522b\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5019\u9009\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u793a: \u5c06\u5019\u9009\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u9274\u522b\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1: \u6bd4\u8f83\u9274\u522b\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u4e92\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e92\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5916\u90e8\u9a8c\u8bc1: \u9274\u522b\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u8eab\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u964d\u4f4e\u96be\u5ea6: \u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u9274\u522b\u5668\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167: \u4e24\u4e2a SLM \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u4e92\u8bc4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C. \u6700\u7ec8\u8f68\u8ff9\u9009\u62e9:<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97: \u5c06\u5019\u9009\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u503c\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5f97\u5206\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8f68\u8ff9: \u9009\u62e9\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.5 Quiet-STaR: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Think Before Speaking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u8d21\u732e1<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 STaR \u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u4e0e STaR \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u3002STaR \u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c Quiet-STaR \u5219\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u8d21\u732e2\uff1a\u5e76\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0 Quiet-STaR \u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5e76\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u751f\u6210\u6bcf\u4e2a token \u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u521b\u65b0\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u5143 token\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u5934\u3001\u975e\u77ed\u89c6\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0 Quiet-STaR \u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5373\u8ba9\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u7406\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.6 Google Deep Mind \u7684Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/ki3tIoajRUyJtRqe5D1v.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709 LLM \u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>PRM \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u548c\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u675f\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u524d\u77bb\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\u4fee\u8ba2\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u8c03 LLM\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9010\u6e10\u63a5\u8fd1\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u521b\u65b0\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u4f18\u6269\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u7b97\u4ea4\u6362\uff1a\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u66ff\u4ee3\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u6539\u8fdb<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u4f18\u6269\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347 LLM \u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f73-of-N \u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u4fee\u8ba2\u6a21\u578b\uff0cLLM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u8fdb\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Google\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u4e2d\u9009\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Best of N\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u6b65\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Beam Search\uff09\u548c\u628a\u540e\u7eed\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u7684MCTS\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u672cLookahead Search\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7740\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u5bf9\u7684\u80fd\u529b,\u800c\u662f\u8ba9LLM\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u9898\u591a\u89e3, \u7136\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6253\u5206, \u6700\u7ec8\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848. \u5728\u7b54\u6848\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5373Process-based Reward Model(PRM)\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a, \u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u4e86Lookahead Search, \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662fMCTS\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f.<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/5F4cIu3QrHH9JVhpL9Wx.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff08o1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/LocalLLaMA\/comments\/1fgr244\/reverse_engineering_o1_architecture_with_a_little\/\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5f20\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.1 \u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u5757\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff08Synthetic Data Generator\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001CoT\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08CoT Dataset\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u6c99\u76d2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6c47\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2 \u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684AI\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RL\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Verification\uff09\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\uff08Human labeling\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff08Policy Optimizer\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u68af\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29\u3001Panzar\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.3 \u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CoT\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u5fae\u8c03\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6548\u7387\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.4 \u5173\u952e\u6ce8\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21CoT\u5b58\u50a8\u8fdb\u5165RL\u73af\u5883\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3aOpenAI\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u94fe\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316RL\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u7684AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2ao1\u67b6\u6784\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f60\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5176\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h2  id=\"toc-4\" class=\"jltoc--item\">\u56db\u3001\u5e55\u540e\uff1ao1\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u56e2\u961f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 OpenAI \u516c\u5e03\u7684o1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Ilya Sutskever\uff0cCOT \u4f5c\u8005 Jason Wei\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86Jiayi Weng\u7b49\u5927\u91cf\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728o1 \u768421\u4e2aFoundational\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u9ad8\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\uff1a<strong>14\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c3\u4eba\u4ee5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u4f4d\u8fdb\u5165OpenAI\uff0c1\u4eba\u6709\u4e13\u79d1\u7ecf\u5386<\/strong>\uff0c5\u4eba\u6709\u65af\u5766\u798f\u80cc\u666f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u56fd\u5bb6\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u6765\u81ea\u81f3\u5c118\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8272\u52172\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u534e\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c6\u4e2a\u534e\u4eba\u672c\u79d1\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u6e05\u534e\u3001\u5317\u5927\u3001\u5251\u6865\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u3002<strong>\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cOpenAI \u5728AI\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5148\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3aOpenAI\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u4e2d11\u4eba\u6709 Google \u80cc\u666f\uff0c5\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u540d\u4f01\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a2\u4eba\u672a\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>21\u4e2aFoundational\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u8d44\u6599\u660e\u7ec6<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/dzkf32GXA4qVdMlQpyBD.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h2  class=\"js_darkmode__text__61\" id=\"toc-5\" class=\"jltoc--item\">\u4e94\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u540d\u8bcd\u89e3\u91ca<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"js_darkmode__text__61\">1. MCTS<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1.1 \u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff08Monte Carlo Tree Search\uff0cMCTS\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u53cc\u4eba\u96f6\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u3002MCTS\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u56f4\u68cb\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b56\u7565\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2 MCTS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u5c55\u5f00\uff08\u5373\u8fd8\u6709\u672a\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5c06\u6e38\u620f\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u6a21\u62df\uff1a\u4ece\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u5c06\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8f93\u8d62\u6216\u5f97\u5206\uff09\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u6cbf\u9014\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3 \u5173\u952e\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\uff1aMCTS\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5730\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u65e0\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cMCTS\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9886\u57df\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u8bc4\u4f30\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64MCTS\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-action=\"zoom\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/image.woshipm.com\/wp-files\/2024\/09\/nwl3TkWnUur8wdbG6sZQ.png\" width=\"548\" height=\"296\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4 Beam Search\u3001Lookahead Search\u3001MCTS\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beam Search\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u56fe\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\uff08beam width\uff09\u7684\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Beam Search\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9519\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Lookahead Search\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728Beam Search\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5411\u524d\u770b\u591a\u6b65\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7b97\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Lookahead 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