{"id":10008230,"date":"2023-09-05T20:16:42","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T12:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.itmax.cn\/?p=10008230"},"modified":"2023-09-05T20:16:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T12:16:42","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%92%8c%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%ef%bc%9a%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e5%bf%85%e5%a4%87%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10008230","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u9762\u8bd5\u5fc5\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u952e\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e3a\u9762\u8bd5\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\"   referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000044182355\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TCP\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8bf7\u89e3\u91ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001SYN\uff08\u540c\u6b65\uff09\u5305\uff0c\u5c06\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eSYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230SYN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff08\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u52a01\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SYN\u5305\uff0c\u5c06\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ACK\u5305\u548cSYN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u52a01\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TCP\u7684\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8bf7\u89e3\u91ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u76ee\u7684?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\u7684\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001FIN\uff08\u7ed3\u675f\uff09\u5305\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684FIN\u5305\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TCP\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2aTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\uff08ACK\uff09\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u540e\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u672a\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\uff1aTCP\u4f7f\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff1aTCP\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fOSI\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u8bf7\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OSI\uff08Open Systems Interconnection\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff08Physical Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f20\u8f93\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u548c\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link Layer\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e27\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Network Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08Transport Layer\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff08Session Layer\uff09\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff08Presentation Layer\uff09\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08Application Layer\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ecHTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TCP\u548cUDP\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\uff09\u548cUDP\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff09\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\uff1aTCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800cUDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1aTCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u800cUDP\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff1aTCP\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800cUDP\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff1aTCP\u5177\u6709\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u6765\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u800cUDP\u6ca1\u6709\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1aTCP\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u7b49\uff1bUDP\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fHTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HTTP\uff08Hypertext Transfer Protocol\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Web\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982GET\u3001POST\uff09\u3001URL\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\uff1aHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ba1\u7406TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u6027\uff1aHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\uff1fIPv4\u548cIPv6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IP\u5730\u5740\uff08Internet Protocol Address\uff09\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6807\u8bc6\u3002IPv4\u548cIPv6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>IPv4\uff1aIPv4\u4f7f\u752832\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u5230255\uff0c\u5982192.168.0.1\u3002IPv4\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7ea6\u670942\u4ebf\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IPv6\uff1aIPv6\u4f7f\u7528128\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u516b\u7ec4\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u6570\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u5230FFFF\uff0c\u59822001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334\u3002IPv6\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709340\u4e07\u4ebf\u4ebf\u4ebf\u4ebf\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001SYN\uff08\u540c\u6b65\uff09\u5305\uff0c\u5c06\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eSYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230SYN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff08\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u52a01\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SYN\u5305\uff0c\u5c06\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ACK\u5305\u548cSYN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u52a01\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u786e\u8ba4\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u548c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fUDP\u534f\u8bae\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UDP\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\uff1aUDP\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u6027\uff1aUDP\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff1aUDP\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4f1a\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u901f\u7387\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1aUDP\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\u3001DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\"   referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000044182356\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6b7b\u9501\uff1f\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u65a5\u3001\u5360\u6709\u548c\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u62a2\u5360\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>ext4\uff1a\u662fLinux\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ext3\uff1a\u662fext4\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>XFS\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Btrfs\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ZFS\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLinux\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>ps\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c&#8221;ps aux&#8221;\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>top\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>kill\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec8\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0bID\uff08PID\uff09\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>nice\u548crenice\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>nohup\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLinux\u7ba1\u9053\uff08Pipeline\uff09\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8fde\u63a5\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ad6\u7ebf\u7b26\u53f7\uff08|\uff09\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ccommand1 | command2\u5c06command1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3acommand2\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLinux\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eWindows\u4e2d\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5220\u9664\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684inode\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u53ea\u80fd\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5220\u9664\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684inode\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\u90fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fLinux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\uff1f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684IPC\u673a\u5236\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684IPC\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u9053\uff08Pipe\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u5144\u5f1f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\uff08Named Pipe\uff09\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08Signal\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff08Shared Memory\uff09\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Semaphore\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\uff08Message Queue\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff08Socket\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5305\u62ecTCP\u548cUDP\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u200b\u72ec\u884c\u96be\uff0c\u4f17\u884c\u6613\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\u662f\u200b\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b22\u8fce\u52a0\u5165<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=kQxolxOvhEjpF%2BMlPbH%2FRg%3D%3D.ll6EFbXs%2BnGf9va%2BtiHgNqjbN53vPXzHCwcEXONF5LfdQIea8WciPZffGhqhgg0ZVpzMka58sf1vtQNNky5ciI5wGQEGzRokV4%2BHE3sZoZQ%3D\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50<\/a>\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u7ed3\u4f34\u6210\u957f\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1awangzhongyang1993<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5347\u804c\u52a0\u85aa\u4e4b\u65c5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6<strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u8d26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e\u3001\u7559\u8a00\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002<strong>\u4f60\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u66f4\u6587\u7684\u6700\u5927\u52a8\u529b\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a 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