{"id":10006012,"date":"2022-07-25T16:49:09","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ityet.com\/?p=10006012"},"modified":"2022-07-25T16:49:09","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:49:09","slug":"%e4%bb%a5%e5%8d%87%e8%88%b1%e4%b9%8b%e5%90%8d%ef%bc%8c%e8%b0%88%e8%b0%88%e4%ba%91%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9f%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e4%bb%93%e5%ba%93analyticdb%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e6%8a%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itmax.cn\/?p=10006012","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5\u201c\u5347\u8231\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u8c08\u8c08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6570\u636e\u4ed3\u5e93AnalyticDB\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u00a0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6570\u636e\u4ed3\u5e93AnalyticDB\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5347\u8231\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u627f\u62c5\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3001\u653f\u52a1\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u4ed3\u66ff\u6362\u5347\u7ea7\u9700\u6c42\u30027\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u5343\u4ed3\u4e07\u5e93\uff0c\u8f7b\u4e91\u76f4\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5347\u8231\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9e\u6218\u5cf0\u4f1a\u201d\u5373\u5c06\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53ec\u5f00\u3002<br 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\/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219703\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe2 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u96c6\u6210\u00a01\u3001\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u6216\u6279\u91cf\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5165\u5e93\uff0c\u5f62\u6210ODS\uff08Operational Data Model\uff09\u5c42\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\uff1aMySQL\/SQL Server\/PostgreSQL\/Oracle\u7b49OLTP\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1App\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728OSS\/MaxCompute\/Hadoop\u4e0a\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u6216\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81eaKafka\/Flink\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u3002ADB\u901a\u8fc7MVCC\uff0c\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4(2PC)\uff0c\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406(GTM)\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u80fd\u529b(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522bRead Committed)\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u652f\u6301Upsert\u8986\u76d6\u5199(Insert on Conflict\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eOracle\u7684Merge Into)\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165\u573a\u666f\u652f\u6301\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u9ad8\u901f\u52a0\u8f7d\u30022\u3001\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5de5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u5e93\u4e2d\u5bf9ODS\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210CDM\uff08Common Data Model\uff09\u548cADS\uff08Application Data Service\uff09\u5c42\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ecINSERT INTO SELECT, CREATE TABLE AS\u7b49\u30023\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u5e93\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u4f9b\u4e0b\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d88\u8d39\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\u573a\u666f\u5305\u62ec\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\uff0cBI\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u3002ADB\u65e2\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7d22\u5f15\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4f4e\u5ef6\u65f6\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u70b9\u67e5\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\uff0cCBO\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u5217\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u591a\u8868\u5173\u8054\u805a\u5408\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5206\u6790\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0ADB\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u516c\u5171\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ad9\u7684SaaS\u670d\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u98de\u5929\u4f01\u4e1a\u7248(ApsaraStack)\u548c\u654f\u6377\u7248(DBStack)\u652f\u6301\u6df7\u5408\u4e91\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ebf\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u4ed3\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cADB\u672c\u8eab\u652f\u6301x86\u901a\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301Arm\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u4ea7\u5316\u9cb2\u9e4f\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6d77\u5149\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u9e92\u9e9f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u56fd\u4ea7\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u6570\u4ed3\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9ADB\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5728\u201c\u5347\u8231\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u786c\u6838\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7814\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u591a\u6001\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u79df\u6237\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u548c\u79df\u6237\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u79bb\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64cePostgreSQL\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8bde\u751f\u65f6\u6570\u4ed3\u5206\u6790OLAP\u573a\u666f\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406OLTP\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u662fRecord-Oriented\uff08Tuple-at-a-time\uff09\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u6a21\u578b\uff0cGreenplum\u5728PostgreSQL\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e86MPP\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u5c42\u5f15\u5165\u4e86Motion\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u50cf\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u4e00\u6837\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u7531\u534f\u8c03\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u53d1\u7684SQL\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8c03\u8282\u70b9\u6c47\u603b\u8fd4\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662fPostgreSQL\u539f\u751f\u7684Record-Oriented\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b97\u5b50\u6bcf\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4ee5\u70b9\u67e5\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684TP\u573a\u666f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684OLAP\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5355\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u540e\u671f\u57fa\u4e8ePostgres\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982Redshift\uff0cVertica\uff0cVectorwise\uff08\u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u57fa\u4e8ePostgres\u7684\u524d\u8eabIngres\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9PG\u539f\u6709\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66ff\u6362\u6539\u9020\uff0cRedshift\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eCode Generation\uff08JIT, Just-in-Time Compilation\uff09\u548cVectorized Scan\uff0cVectorwise\u5219\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u3002PostgreSQL 11\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684JIT[4]\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u52a0\u901fSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002ADB\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u751fGreenplum\/PostgreSQL\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7814\u4e86Block-Oriented(Batch-at-a-time)\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ee5\u4e24\u8fb9\u5173\u8054\u540e\u505a\u805a\u5408\u7684\u7b80\u5355SQL\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219704\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe3 \u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\uff1aRecord-Oriented V.S. Block-Orientend\u00a0\u5bf9\u6bd4Record-Oriented\u901a\u8fc7getNext()\u63a5\u53e3\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cBlock-Orientend\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7getNextBlock()\u63a5\u53e3\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u6279\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u7b97\u5b50\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u5316(Vectorization)[5]\u548c\u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1(JIT)[6]\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bb0\u5f55\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6536\u76ca\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6279\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684CPU\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387[7]\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u6279\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6JIT\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u5f00\u9500[8]\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5206\u914d\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5230\u6bcf\u6279\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u56de\u6536\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u788e\u7247\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u9500[9]\u3002\u5728\u6309\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ee5\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5229\u4e8eCPU\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9884\u53d6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08\u6765\u81eaif&#8230;else&#8230;\uff0cswitch\u7b49\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\uff09\u548c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08\u6765\u81ea\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9CPU\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6267\u884c[10]\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b[11]\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210SIMD[12]\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5206\u522b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86ADB Vectorization\u5728\u5206\u7ec4\u805a\u5408SQL\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u7b97Hash\uff0c\u6876\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u6c42Sum\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u5217\u5f0f\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6267\u884c\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u548cJIT\u5728\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u6ee4SQL\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219705\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe4 Vectorization\u4e0eJIT\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\u00a0\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6309\u6279\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6279\u6b21\u4e2d\u8ba9\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u9a7b\u7559\u5728CPU L1\/L2 Cache\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\u53d6\u768410~30\u500d[13]\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u8be5\u6279\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ba9CPU\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11CPU Hazards[14]\u3002JIT\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u9488\u5bf9\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9ad8\u9891\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff08Function Calls\uff09\u3002\u591a\u6001\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64cePostgreSQL\u539f\u751f\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e3a\u5806\u8868\uff08Heap Table\uff09[15]\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3aOLTP\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u9ed8\u8ba48KB\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u884c\u7ea7MVCC\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875Page\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5668Buffer Manager\uff0c\u548c\u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7WAL\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5Btree\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002Greenplum\u57fa\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3aOLAP\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u6280\u672f\u6539\u9020\uff1a1\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u8282\u70b9\u65b0\u589e\u5168\u5c40\u5143\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0cSQL\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u6210\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u30022\u3001\u65b0\u589e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u8868\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5e03\u673a\u5236\uff08\u652f\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u548c\u590d\u5236\u5206\u5e03\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u900f\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u90e8\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u533a\u673a\u5236\uff08\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5217\u8868\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u9ad8\u7248\u672cPostgreSQL\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u533a\u673a\u5236\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u30023\u3001\u5bf9\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\u7531\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9875\u5927\u5c0f\u75318KB\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a32KB\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u573a\u666f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u6548\u7387\u30024\u3001\u65b0\u589e\u5217\u5b58\u538b\u7f29\u8868\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4PostgreSQL\u539f\u751f\u7684\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5217\u88c1\u526a\u548c\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u5206\u6790\u573a\u666f\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u6548\u7387\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5217\u5b58\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7ec4(Tuple) ID\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u5806\u8868\u4e00\u81f4\u4e3a48\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u9002\u914dPostgreSQL\u73b0\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5305\u62ecBtree\uff0cBrin\uff0cGIN\uff0cGiST\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u503c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u70b9\u67e5\u573a\u666f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5229\u7528\u652f\u6301MVCC\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u673a\u5236\u7684\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5217\u5b58\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u8f85\u52a9\u8868\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u4e8c\u6765\u5f15\u5165Delete Bitmap\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u5217\u5b58\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5217\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u95f4\u63a5\u6709\u4e86MVCC\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u80fd\u529b\u30025\u3001\u5f15\u5165\u4e86PXF\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95eeHDFS\uff0cHive\uff0cMySQL\uff0cPostgreSQL\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002ADB\u5728Greenplum\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u5217\u5b58\u538b\u7f29\u8868\u548c\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u5b58\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u52a0\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cMIN&#038;MAX\u7c97\u7cd9\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8Analyze\/Vacuum\/Merge\uff0cUpsert\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u5219\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u5bf9\u963f\u91cc\u4e91OSS\u548cMaxCompute\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5bfc\u5165\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u6e56\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u79bb\u8868\uff08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u67b6\u6784\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u652f\u6301\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6309\u9700\u8ba1\u8d39\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3aADB\u591a\u6001\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u6982\u89c8\u3002\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219706\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe5 \u591a\u6001\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u00a0\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31ADB\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5c42\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7814\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6280\u672f\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u7a00\u758f\u7d22\u5f15Min&#038;Max Skip Index\u662fADB\u5728Greenplum\u5217\u5b58\u4e0a\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7814\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ePostgreSQL9.5\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u7684BRIN\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u4e3a\u5217\u5b58\u8868\u76f8\u5e94\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\uff08\u5982varblock\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff08MIN\uff09\u548c\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff08MAX\uff09\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\u65f6\u5c06\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684MIN\u548cMAX\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u89e3\u538b\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u5217\u5b58\u5747\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u9879\u80fd\u529b(\u5982Redshift\u7684Zone Maps[16]\uff0cClickHouse\u7684Skip Indexes[17])\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u505a\u8fc7\u591a\u5c55\u5f00\u3002ADB\u9664\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684MIN&#038;MAX\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u603b\u4f53\u7684MIN&#038;MAX\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5feb\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5217\u5b58\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5173\u952e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5217\u5b58\u5728\u5efa\u8868\u65f6\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f\u952e\uff08\u5982Redshift\u7684Compound Sort Key[18]\u548cInterleaved Sort Key[19]\uff0cSnowflake\u7684Clustering Key[20], ClickHouse\u7684Order By[21]\uff09\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u624b\u5de5\u6216\u8005\u540e\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u5408\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e0a\u9762\u8bb2\u7684MIN&#038;MAX Skip Index\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6392\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u9664\u975e\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u5c31\u5929\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u8bd5\u60f3\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u5e8f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0b\u6765\u80fdSkip\u6389\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eMIN&#038;MAX Skip Index\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u3002ADB\u5728\u5217\u5b58\u6392\u5e8f\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0a\u8ff0Redshift\u7684Compound Sort\uff09\u548c\u591a\u7ef4\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0a\u8ff0Redshift\u7684Interleaved Sort\uff0c\u76ee\u524dDatabricks\u7684Delta Lake[22]\u4e5f\u6709\u8be5\u80fd\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003Redshift\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7Blog[23]\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u65b0\u5199\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\uff0cADB\u9488\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u652f\u6301\u540e\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\uff08\u591a\u7ef4\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u5728ETL\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u6267\u884cmultisort1\u3001\u8ba9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6709\u5e8f\uff092\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u65e0\u6548\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6765\u81eadelete\u548cupdate\uff09\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\uff093\u3001\u8ba9\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\uff08\u5305\u62ecIO\uff0cCPU\uff0cMEM\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u53164\u3001\u5bf9\u524d\u7aef\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5982\u9501\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8fd9\u5757\u76ee\u524d\u4e1a\u754c\u505a\u7684\u8f83\u597d\u4e14\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u6709Snowflake\u7684Automatic Clustering[24]\uff0c\u548cSingleStore\u7684Background Merger[25]\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u7684Overlap-Depth\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76ee\u6807#1\uff0c#2\uff0c#3\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684optimistic\/pessimistic\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u517c\u987e\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u3002ADB\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3a\u5c06\u5217\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5206\u4e3aUnsorted Region\u548cSorted Region\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540e\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76Worker\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06Unsorted Region\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aSorted Region\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728Sorted Region\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Sorted Part\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aSorted Part\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6709\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684MIN\u548cMAX\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u5728\u626b\u63cf\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6574\u4e2aSorted Part\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u626b\u63cf\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347Sorted Region\u5185\u6570\u636e\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\uff0cSorted Region\u5185\u4e0d\u540cSorted Part\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u540cSorted Part\u95f4\u7684MIN&#038;MAX\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Sorted Part\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65e9\u671f\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3aUnsorted Region\u5230Sorted Region\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u76f8\u6bd4Sorted Region\u5185\u90e8Sorted Parts\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86Fast Worker\u548cCommon Worker\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5730\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u4fa7DML\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219707\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe6 \u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76 &#038; \u67e5\u8be2\u52a0\u901f\u00a0\u4e0a\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86MIN&#038;MAX Skip Index\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9Scan\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65f6\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684Skip\u548cIO\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709Sort\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0SQL\u4e2d\u7684OrderBy\uff0cGroup Agg\uff0cMerge Join\uff0c\u548cDistinct\u7b49\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u5e8f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u4e0bUnsorted Region\u662f\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u5b50\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u989d\u5916Sort\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91ccADB\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u7684Sort\u7b97\u5b50\u4e0b\u63a8\u5230Scan\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u505aSortScan\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9Scan\u5410\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5f20\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u5e03\u4e8eSorted Region\uff08\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u548cUnsorted Region\uff08\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4e2d\uff0cSortScan\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bf9Unsorted Region\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4e\u9891\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u548cSorted Region\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ba9\u5410\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6574\u4f53\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u4e0a\u5c42\u4f9d\u8d56\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u5b50\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5982Hash\u8868\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5728\u57fa\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5728Hash\u6876\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u603b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u6392\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u662f\u5f53\u5217\u5b58\u5f15\u64ce\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u6279\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8ba9\u5176\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u6027\u80fd\u95f4\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b9e\u65f6\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u901fSQL\u6570\u636e\u626b\u63cf\u7b97\u5b50\uff08Scan\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u80fd\u529b(Index Scan)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u6574\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2SQL\u3002PostgreSQL 10[26]\u548cGreenplum 6.2[27]\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u522b\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5747\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u5168\u91cf\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u67e5\u8be2\u81ea\u52a8\u6539\u5199\u3002\u5b9e\u65f6\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u67e5\u8be2\u6539\u5199\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u53f0\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2SQL\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982Oracle[28]\uff0cRedshift[29]\uff0cSnowflake[30]\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u5237\u65b0\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6539\u5199\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u5747\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u4f53\u73b0\u3002ADB\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\u4e5f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5b9e\u65f6\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219708\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe7 \u5b9e\u65f6\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u00a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a1\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u521b\u5efa\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e38\u7528\u67e5\u8be2SQL\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u589e\u91cf\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe2\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u81ea\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4\u5237\u65b0\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u66f4\u65b0\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u7528\u5230User Table\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u589e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff09\u540c\u6b65\u5230Delta Log\uff0c\u589e\u91cf\u5408\u5e76\u5237\u65b0\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6Delta Log\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408MV\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7b97\u5b50\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u548c\u805a\u96c6\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u589e\u91cf\u5408\u5e76\u5237\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u5185\u5bb9\u30023\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u81ea\u52a8\u6539\u5199\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2SQL\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636eSQL\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u5199\u7684\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u6216\u8005\u8f93\u5165SQL\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u8868\u6570\u636e\u3002ADB\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u5728\u5199\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u3002Auto Analyze&#038;VacuumPostgreSQL\u672c\u8eab\u652f\u6301Auto Analyze[31]\u548cAuto Vacuum[32]\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u5220\u9664\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3002Greenplum\u5728\u5c06\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u6539\u9020\u6210\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86gp_auto_stats_mode[33]\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u8981\u6c42DBA\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u3002gp_auto_stats_mode\u7684\u673a\u5236\u662f\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1Analyze\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1Analyze\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u4ed3\u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5de5\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9047\u5230\u5b9e\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u66f4\u65b0\u573a\u666f\u5219\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e9\u671fADB\u516c\u5171\u4e91\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u7ecf\u5e38\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8868\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e86Analyze\u540e\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff08on_no_stats\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u573a\u666f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8fbe\u5230on_change\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u89e6\u53d1Analyze\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08gp_autostats_on_change_threshold\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08\u5982\u8be5\u8d70Index Scan\u7684\u8d70\u4e86Seq Scan\uff0c\u8be5\u8d70Redistribute Motion\u8d70\u4e86Broadcast Motion\uff0c\u8be5\u8d70Hash Join\u8d70\u4e86Nestloop Join\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8ba9DBA\u5b9a\u671f\u505aVacuum\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\uff0cADB\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0\u4e86Auto Analyze\u548cAuto Vacuum\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u5230\u8fbe\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\uff08\u4e3a\u7d2f\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cfgp_auto_stats\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u66f4\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\uff09\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1Analyze\u548cVacuum\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u5176\u4ee3\u7801\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u4e86Greenplum\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u3002OSS\u5916\u8868\u963f\u91cc\u4e91OSS[34]\u662f\u6d77\u91cf\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6e56\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ec4\u5408\u3002ADB\u57fa\u4e8ePostgres FDW[35]\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u7684OSS FDW\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u4e0e\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u751f\u6001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u8be5\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0eRedshift\u7684Spectrum[36]\u548cSnowflake\u7684External Table[37]\u3002OSS\u5916\u8868\u6574\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u3002\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219709\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe8 OSS\u5916\u8868\u00a0ADB\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u672c\u5730\u884c\u5b58\u5806\u8868\u548c\u672c\u5730\u5217\u5b58\u538b\u7f29\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u65b0\u589eOSS\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u652f\u6301OSS\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff08ORC\uff0cParquet\uff0cCSV\u7b49\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u9ad8\u901f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u8868\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\uff08\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u5206\u6790\u65f6OSS\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5747\u5300\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u5217\u5b58\u8868\u5bf9\u51b7\u5206\u533a\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u5c42\u5230OSS\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u5728\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5916\u8868Analyze\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u88c1\u526a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9ORC\uff0cParquet\u5217\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\u5217\u88c1\u526a\u548c\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e0b\u63a8\u3002\u9664\u4e86OSS\u5916\u8868\uff0cADB\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u963f\u91cc\u4e91Max Compute\u5916\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6279\u91cf\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6570\u4ed3\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pg_basebackup + WAL\u5f52\u6863\u652f\u6301Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)[38], \u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7pg_dump\u505a\u8868\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u3002Greenplum\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u505a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u6539\u9020\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5e94\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ea7\u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u548cPITR\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u5219\u901a\u8fc7gpbackup and gprestore[39]\u63d0\u4f9b\u96c6\u7fa4\/\u8868\u7ea7\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u6062\u590d\u3002gpbackup\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u5220\u8868\u6216\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8868\u505atruncate\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u65e9\u671fADB\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u505a\u5b9a\u671f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u4e91\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u90e8\u5206\u4e1a\u52a1\u8f83\u96be\u627e\u5230\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u8d8a\u957f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64ADB\u5bf9gpbackup\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u9501\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u5907\u4efd\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5c0f\uff08\u4e0d\u963b\u585eDDL\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u727a\u7272\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e1a\u52a1DDL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u624b\u5de5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53d6\u820d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u662f\u4f4e\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6bcf\u5468\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5468\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684RPO\u662f\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e00\u5468\u5907\u4efd\u4e00\u6b21\uff08\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bRPO\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5468\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64ADB\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7269\u7406\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u548cPITR\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL PITR\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219710\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe9 \u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u00a0\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb2\u660e\u767d\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u534f\u8c03\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u90fd\u5b9a\u671f\u505a\u5355\u673aPostgreSQL\u7684pg_basebackup + Continuous Archiving, 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Hint\u5e72\u9884\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u573a\u666f\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u5c40\u90e8\u8c03\u6574\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u903b\u8f91\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a\u00a0<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219711\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe10 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\/><img decoding=\"async\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" src=\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042219712\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" loading=\"lazy\"><br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u56fe11 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u00a0ADB\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760ResourceQueue\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6267\u884c\u961f\u5217\u5e76\u53d1\u548cCPU\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230ResourceGroup\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u67b6\u6784\u5347\u7ea7Greenplum\u672c\u8eab\u548cTeradata\uff0cVertica\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7ebf\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6570\u4ed3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Shared-Nothing\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e91\u6570\u4ed3AWS Redshift\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u67b6\u6784\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5907\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u4e00\u822c\u4e1a\u52a1\u4fa7\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5b9e\u4f8b\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b64\u5c9b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8de8\u96c6\u7fa4\u5b9e\u4f8b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6570\u4ed3Snowflake[45]\u7387\u5148\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u79bb\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7531AWS 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href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=sz%2BqvOwVaxbO08kKL%2BM19w%3D%3D.jB5PIrUc06AlhaZ1EQem28qfcLrWqzN29SWW1typ%2Bif%2BFxryUfaS00eXqdViw6zw\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.aliyun.com\/produc&#8230;<\/a>[2]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=ewLDR7q4794jqSMa%2Bs18Kg%3D%3D.FornxvDomoIwOBiLl6WvDWfAPKyKoMUxwC4ws%2FBaimHDOBFXiRDfa7lCdw8yni6x\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2103.11&#8230;<\/a>[3]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=ERcnx%2BQ5kOnXhq6vL0nY4w%3D%3D.X9DDsfH066iZ1jBEP4dgSw09oKVhYPzJ%2BKJriqFM2hA%3D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/<\/a>[4]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=UtM1tBqIc1WM%2FKYX%2FWHwxA%3D%3D.jeWAcHklYDGG%2BBU3zcr%2Fu37HedIDCTAdFNP8r8d3XcxVZrGoftgS7XjROPYFK2Ri\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/do&#8230;<\/a>[5]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=bN0b56T0BGnQqVanUL27Sw%3D%3D.ujzKtedukVHkD%2F0G6q3S9d5cvHM7knpen%2FBr0GIKWNYDoYlgvyTQhc%2FUlMkNIVVT\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch&#8230;<\/a>[6]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=ugG8tnPYTlerWvyyU4iaPA%3D%3D.Ii78cf%2FHr%2Ftpf0nLZD3Nldxeco4b%2BKmpHK3gJSU5503xg5YihuxCBnZsEfu4gVm3\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch&#8230;<\/a>[7]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=AcusXl6SLbVMgPk3G%2BDhzQ%3D%3D.3t8BY0jO2zI%2F9ft1U7NySrEdCrkG%2BTEzbLG31o3Yln%2BB%2Buvio1TDAS9ogWmVdwKQEbqFad2DBP5JndxQZ3sX4q6EgNBb%2FFBOpKhmikReC74A2vUhFaIhMSZ7OqIZJ5cL\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@tilakpati&#8230;<\/a>[8]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=vhIUpSYIdYA3JXGsuspfNw%3D%3D.f7lQxiX2HZdYeYvHImyqIGYQYZ0DaaFqTzEbYWj8wX5x2xvi6hqlwzhM9bnEVL3cvclAptDp2mr0aLeYxZcmNGmE9huwRy9NVfYYZeU0BMmApOZ9KW8xcC59IcaK6dmEGVnBPfPHnPs4iBgjyRxKdA%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/docs\/en\/x&#8230;<\/a>[9]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=y%2B0cF4RjrFjU37a9LGBOtw%3D%3D.bKxs7J6uZOwDPnaw7%2Fil6%2FPs5yo8sGsgD6y5MKis6vXGnjSrz%2BgQ57G9S4Ey9rFp634nt1AgZyxCQAAmDr4z6U5UHGnKe58B1rJ7zk%2BdYlg%3D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/en.pingcap.com\/blog\/l&#8230;<\/a>[10]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=gdh3GPSpVhhzf9S%2Ffh7fFw%3D%3D.kne7wFAYPhY38ZrVnK5AdZWCK8y%2BJ6VywVCcTe1wMCD3P8%2BbXxrwItSCIYxfwqtekHfqHXG51E%2Fp5uaaleAufGG3mc9VGTX1N%2Bk8TOSuIafpfGHDPgLomU1bxnmRfyAaed74B1Dyx7o8%2FbnT380ry8XNEoQU%2BR8yQvsqRRp9xBo%3D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org&#8230;<\/a>[11]<a href=\"https:\/\/link.segmentfault.com\/?enc=eyPjtl7AWbB8Sbcd%2B2H0pg%3D%3D.UVbhWAmtDABGCOz3qVMBZFBvD0RIwzLsNaVpp7ZKshQ2TvMudfO074YCkbM8Tn8d%2BebH3jClaMZLebtKRA3Y%2Fg%3D%3D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org&#8230;<\/a>[12]<a 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