interface IFoo{ \/\/ \u62bd\u8c61\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\n abstract static int Foo1(); \/\/ \u865a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\n virtual static int Foo2()\n { return 42;\n }\n}struct Bar : IFoo\n{ \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\n public static int Foo1()\n { return 7;\n }\n}\n\nBar.Foo1(); \/\/ ok<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
interface ICanAdd<T> where T : ICanAdd<T>\n{ abstract static T operator +(T left, T right);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u70b9\u00a0Point\uff1a<\/p>\n
record struct Point(int X, int Y) : ICanAdd<Point>\n{ \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\n public static Point operator +(Point left, Point right)\n { return new Point(left.X + right.X, left.Y + right.Y);\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u00a0Point\u00a0\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
var p1 = new Point(1, 2);var p2 = new Point(2, 3);\nConsole.WriteLine(p1 + p2); \/\/ Point { X = 3, Y = 5 }<\/code><\/pre>\n\u9664\u4e86\u9690\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n
record struct Point(int X, int Y) : ICanAdd<Point>\n{ \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\n static Point ICanAdd<Point>.operator +(Point left, Point right)\n { return new Point(left.X + right.X, left.Y + right.Y);\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7528\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c+\u00a0\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0public\u00a0\u516c\u5f00\u66b4\u9732\u5230\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0Point\u00a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u00a0+\u00a0\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u505a\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n
var p1 = new Point(1, 2);var p2 = new Point(2, 3);\nConsole.WriteLine(Add(p1, p2)); \/\/ Point { X = 3, Y = 5 }T Add<T>(T left, T right) where T : ICanAdd<T>{ return left + right;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
void CallFoo1<T>() where T : IFoo{\n T.Foo1();\n}\n\nBar.Foo1(); \/\/ errorCallFoo<Bar>(); \/\/ okstruct Bar : IFoo\n{ \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\n static void IFoo.Foo1()\n { return 7;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u865a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
CallFoo<Bar1>(); \/\/ 5 5CallFoo<Bar2>(); \/\/ 6 4CallFoo<Bar3>(); \/\/ 3 7CallFooFromIA<Bar4>(); \/\/ 1CallFooFromIB<Bar4>(); \/\/ 2void CallFoo<T>() where T : IC{\n CallFooFromIA<T>();\n CallFooFromIB<T>();\n}void CallFooFromIA<T>() where T : IA{\n Console.WriteLine(T.Foo());\n}void CallFooFromIB<T>() where T : IB{\n Console.WriteLine(T.Foo());\n}interface IA{ virtual static int Foo()\n { return 1;\n }\n}interface IB{ virtual static int Foo()\n { return 2;\n }\n}interface IC : IA, IB{ static int IA.Foo()\n { return 3;\n } static int IB.Foo()\n { return 4;\n }\n}struct Bar1 : IC\n{ public static int Foo()\n { return 5;\n }\n}struct Bar2 : IC\n{ static int IA.Foo()\n { return 6;\n }\n}struct Bar3 : IC\n{ static int IB.Foo()\n { return 7;\n }\n}struct Bar4 : IA, IB { }<\/code><\/pre>\n\u540c\u65f6\uff0c.NET 7 \u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u865a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u00a0System.Numerics\u00a0\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u5199\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
using System.Numerics;V Eval<T, U, V>(T a, U b, V c) \n where T : IAdditionOperators<T, U, U> where U : IMultiplyOperators<U, V, V>{ return (a + b) * c;\n}\n\nConsole.WriteLine(Eval(3, 4, 5)); \/\/ 35Console.WriteLine(Eval(3.5f, 4.5f, 5.5f)); \/\/ 44<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258c\u6cdb\u578b attribute<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u6b63\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b attribute\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0Type\u00a0\u6765\u5728 attribute \u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u6cdb\u578b\u7ea6\u675f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true)]class FooAttribute<T> : Attribute where T : INumber<T>\n{ public T Value { get; } public FooAttribute(T v)\n{\n Value = v;\n }\n}\n\n[Foo<int>(3)] \/\/ ok[Foo<float>(4.5f)] \/\/ ok[Foo<string>("test")] \/\/ errorvoid MyFancyMethod() { }<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258cref \u5b57\u6bb5\u548c scoped ref<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u00a0ref struct\u00a0\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u00a0ref\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0ref struct\u00a0\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
int x = 1;\nFoo foo = new(ref x);\nfoo.X = 2;\nConsole.WriteLine(x); \/\/ 2ref struct Foo\n{ public ref int X; \n public Foo(ref int x)\n {\n X = ref x;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5c06\u00a0x\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u00a0Foo\u00a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u00a0foo.X\u00a0\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u00a0x\u00a0\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u00a0Foo.X\u00a0\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u00a0Unsafe.IsNullRef\u00a0\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0ref\u00a0\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1a<\/p>\n
ref struct Foo\n{ public ref int X; public bool IsNull => Unsafe.IsNullRef(ref X); \n public Foo(ref int x)\n {\n X = ref x;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u00a0ref field\u00a0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0ref\u00a0\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
Foo MyFancyMethod(){ int x = 1;\n Foo foo = new(ref x); return foo; \/\/ error}ref struct Foo\n{ public Foo(ref int x) { }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u00a0foo\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0x\uff0c\u800c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0x\u00a0\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0foo\u00a0\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u5f97\u00a0foo\u00a0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6bd4\u00a0x\u00a0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6548\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u00a0foo\u00a0\u786e\u5b9e\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u00a0x\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u00a0foo\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u957f\u671f\u6301\u6709\u00a0x\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u00a0x\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u6309\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u4e8e\u662f C# 11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u00a0scoped\u00a0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u663e\u5f0f\u6807\u6ce8\u00a0ref\u00a0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u00a0scoped\u00a0\u7684\u00a0ref\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff1a<\/p>\n
Foo MyFancyMethod(){ int x = 1;\n Foo foo = new(ref x); return foo; \/\/ ok}ref struct Foo\n{ public Foo(scoped ref int x) { }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u00a0Foo\u00a0\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u00a0Foo\u00a0\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u6709\u00a0x\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0scoped ref\u00a0\u9003\u9038\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff1a<\/p>\n
ref struct Foo\n{ public ref int X; public Foo(scoped ref int x)\n {\n X = ref x; \/\/ error\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f15\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528\u00a0ref\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u989c\u8272\u6570\u636e\u7684\u00a0ColorView\uff1a<\/p>\n
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;var color = new Color { R = 1, G = 2, B = 3, A = 4 };\ncolor.RawOfU32[0] = 114514;\ncolor.RawOfU16[1] = 19198;\ncolor.RawOfU8[2] = 10;\nConsole.WriteLine(color.A); \/\/ 74[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]struct Color\n{\n [FieldOffset(0)] public byte R;\n [FieldOffset(1)] public byte G;\n [FieldOffset(2)] public byte B;\n [FieldOffset(3)] public byte A;\n\n [FieldOffset(0)] public uint Rgba; public ColorView<byte> RawOfU8 => new(ref this); public ColorView<ushort> RawOfU16 => new(ref this); public ColorView<uint> RawOfU32 => new(ref this);\n}ref struct ColorView<T> where T : unmanaged{ private ref Color color; public ColorView(ref Color color)\n { this.color = ref color;\n }\n\n [DoesNotReturn] private static ref T Throw() => throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); public ref T this[uint index]\n {\n [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get\n { unsafe\n { return ref (sizeof(T) * index >= sizeof(Color) ? ref Throw() : ref Unsafe.Add(ref Unsafe.AsRef<T>(Unsafe.AsPointer(ref color)), (int)index));\n }\n }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0cref\u00a0\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u00a0readonly\u00a0\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u00a0ref\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- ref int\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0int\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n
- readonly ref int\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0int\u00a0\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n
- ref readonly int\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u00a0int\u00a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n
- readonly ref readonly int\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u00a0int\u00a0\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f15\u7528\u5230\u53ea\u8bfb\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0cC# 11 \u4e2d\u7684\u00a0ref\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u00a0scoped\u00a0\u652f\u6301\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecd\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u63a8\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c40\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c40\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\u00a0file\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/\/ A.csfile class Foo{ \/\/ ...}\n\nfile struct Bar\n{ \/\/ ...}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0e\u00a0Foo\u00a0\u548c\u00a0Bar\u00a0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/\/ A.csvar foo = new Foo(); \/\/ okvar bar = new Bar(); \/\/ ok\/\/ B.csvar foo = new Foo(); \/\/ errorvar bar = new Bar(); \/\/ error<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u5c06\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u800c\u8a00\u5c06\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258crequired \u6210\u5458<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u00a0required\u00a0\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u6709\u00a0required\u00a0\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
var foo = new Foo(); \/\/ errorvar foo = new Foo { X = 1 }; \/\/ okstruct Foo\n{ public required int X;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u00a0SetsRequiredMembers\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a attribute \u6765\u5bf9\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u00a0required\u00a0\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;var p = new Point(); \/\/ errorvar p = new Point { X = 1, Y = 2 }; \/\/ okvar p = new Point(1, 2); \/\/ okstruct Point\n{ public required int X; public required int Y;\n\n [SetsRequiredMembers] public Point(int x, int y)\n {\n X = x;\n Y = y;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5229\u7528\u00a0required\u00a0\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u7b97\u6539\u8fdb<\/h2>\n\u258cchecked \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n
C# \u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u00a0checked\u00a0\u548c\u00a0unchecked\u00a0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u7b97\u672f\u6ea2\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
byte x = 100;byte y = 200;unchecked{ byte z = (byte)(x + y); \/\/ ok}\n\nchecked\n{ byte z = (byte)(x + y); \/\/ error}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5728 C# 11 \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u00a0checked\u00a0\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5206\u522b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u4e8e\u00a0checked\u00a0\u548c\u00a0unchecked\u00a0\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff1a<\/p>\n
struct Foo\n{ public static Foo operator +(Foo left, Foo right) { ... } public static Foo operator checked +(Foo left, Foo right) { ... }\n}var foo1 = new Foo(...);var foo2 = new Foo(...);var foo3 = unchecked(foo1 + foo2); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528 operator +var foo4 = checked(foo1 + foo2); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528 operator checked +<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u00a0checked\u00a0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u00a0checked\u00a0\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u00a0unchecked\u00a0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258c\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u53f3\u79fb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u00a0>>>\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u53f3\u79fb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002\u6b64\u524d C# \u7684\u53f3\u79fb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u00a0>>\u00a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u53f3\u79fb\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u53f3\u79fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u7559\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u00a0int\u00a0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
1 >> 1 = -11 >> 2 = -11 >> 3 = -11 >> 4 = -1\/\/ ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\u800c\u65b0\u7684\u00a0>>>\u00a0\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u53f3\u79fb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
1 >>> 1 = 21474836471 >>> 2 = 10737418231 >>> 3 = 5368709111 >>> 4 = 268435455\/\/ ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u53f3\u79fb\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u503c\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u6765\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5c11\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u610f\u5916\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258c\u79fb\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u653e\u5f00\u7c7b\u578b\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u79fb\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u53f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u00a0int\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u653e\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u865a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
interface ICanShift<T> where T : ICanShift<T>\n{ abstract static T operator <<(T left, T right); abstract static T operator >>(T left, T right);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u573a\u666f\u662f\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u88ab\u653e\u5f00\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bfb\u8005\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc3\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u840c\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u00a0cin\u00a0\u548c\u00a0cout\uff01\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5728 C# \u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u88ab\u653e\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
using static OutStream;using static InStream;int x = 0;\n_ = cin >> To(ref x); \/\/ \u6709 _ = \u662f\u56e0\u4e3a C# \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f0f\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8d4b\u503c\u800c\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u8bed\u53e5_ = cout << "hello" << " " << "world!";public class OutStream{ public static OutStream cout = new(); public static OutStream operator <<(OutStream left, string right)\n {\n Console.WriteLine(right); return left;\n }\n}public class InStream{ public ref struct Ref<T>\n { public ref T Value; public Ref(ref T v) => Value = ref v;\n } public static Ref<T> To<T>(ref T v) => new (ref v); public static InStream cin = new(); public static InStream operator >>(InStream left, Ref<int> right)\n { var str = Console.Read(...);\n right.Value = int.Parse(str);\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258cIntPtr\u3001UIntPtr \u652f\u6301\u6570\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u4e2d\uff0cIntPtr\u00a0\u548c\u00a0UIntPtr\u00a0\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6570\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6781\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
UIntPtr addr = 0x80000048;\nIntPtr offset = 0x00000016;\nUIntPtr newAddr = addr + (UIntPtr)offset; \/\/ 0x8000005E<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u00a0Int32\u00a0\u548c\u00a0int\u3001Int64\u00a0\u548c\u00a0long\u00a0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0cC# \u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u00a0IntPtr\u00a0\u548c\u00a0UIntPtr\u00a0\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u00a0nint\u00a0\u548c\u00a0nuint\uff0cn \u8868\u793a native\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4f4d\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n
nuint addr = 0x80000048;nint offset = 0x00000016;nuint newAddr = addr + (nuint)offset; \/\/ 0x8000005E<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6539\u8fdb<\/h2>\n\u258c\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u00a0[ ]\u00a0\u6765\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u00a0_\u00a0\u4ee3\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u00a0..\u00a0\u4ee3\u8868 0 \u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u00a0..\u00a0\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b50\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u00a0..\u00a0\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
var array = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };if (array is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) Console.WriteLine(1); \/\/ 1if (array is [1, 2, 3, ..]) Console.WriteLine(2); \/\/ 2if (array is [1, _, 3, _, 5]) Console.WriteLine(3); \/\/ 3if (array is [.., _, 5]) Console.WriteLine(4); \/\/ 4if (array is [1, 2, 3, .. var remaining])\n{\n Console.WriteLine(remaining[0]); \/\/ 4\n Console.WriteLine(remaining.Length); \/\/ 2}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
var array = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };if (array is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) Console.WriteLine(1); \/\/ 1if (array is [1, 2, 3, ..]) Console.WriteLine(2); \/\/ 2if (array is [1, _, 3, _, 5]) Console.WriteLine(3); \/\/ 3if (array is [.., _, 5]) Console.WriteLine(4); \/\/ 4if (array is [1, 2, 3, .. var remaining])\n{\n Console.WriteLine(remaining[0]); \/\/ 4\n Console.WriteLine(remaining.Length); \/\/ 2}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258c\u5bf9 Span<char> \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n
\u5728 C# \u4e2d\uff0cSpan<char>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0ReadOnlySpan<char>\u00a0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 C# 11 \u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
int Foo(ReadOnlySpan<char> span){ if (span is "abcdefg") return 1; return 2;\n}\n\nFoo("abcdefg".AsSpan()); \/\/ 1Foo("test".AsSpan()); \/\/ 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0Span<char>\u00a0\u6216\u8005\u00a0ReadOnlySpan<char>\u00a0\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u00a0SequenceEquals\u00a0\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6539\u8fdb<\/h2>\n\u258c\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h4>\n
C# \u4e2d\u81ea\u521d\u4fbf\u6709\u00a0@\u00a0\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u00a0”\u00a0\u5199\u6210\u00a0“”\u00a0\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u53f7\u3002C# 11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e0\u9700\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u585e\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u00a0”\u00a0\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0“””\u00a0\u548c\u00a0“””””\u00a0\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7f29\u8fdb\u7531\u540e\u9762\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
var str = """\n hello\n world\n """;<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6b64\u65f6\u00a0str\u00a0\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
hello\nworld<\/code><\/pre>\n\u800c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
var str = """\n hello\n world\n""";<\/code><\/pre>\nstr\u00a0\u5219\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
hello\n world<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165 JSON \u4ee3\u7801\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
var json = """\n {\n "a": 1,\n "b": {\n "c": "hello",\n "d": "world"\n },\n "c": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n }\n """;\nConsole.WriteLine(json);\/*\n{\n "a": 1,\n "b": {\n "c": "hello",\n "d": "world"\n },\n "c": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n}\n*\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258cUTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 UTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u00a0u8\u00a0\u540e\u7f00\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0ReadOnlySpan<byte>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a UTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/p>\n
var str1 = "hello world"u8; \/\/ ReadOnlySpan<byte>var str2 = "hello world"u8.ToArray(); \/\/ byte[]<\/code><\/pre>\nUTF-8 \u5bf9\u4e8e Web \u573a\u666f\u800c\u8a00\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u662f UTF-8\uff0c\u800c .NET \u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 UTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684 UTF-8 \u548c UTF-16 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e86 UTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u521b\u5efa UTF-8 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0byte[]\u00a0\u7136\u540e\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u63d2\u503c\u5141\u8bb8\u6362\u884c<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u90e8\u5206\u5141\u8bb8\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n
var str = $"hello, the leader is {group\n .GetLeader()\n .GetName()}.";<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u6324\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u8fdb<\/h2>\n\u258cstruct \u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0cstruct\u00a0\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u505a\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n
struct Point\n{ public int X; public int Y; public Point(int x)\n{\n X = x; \/\/ Y \u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 0\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u258c\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u8fdb\u884c nameof<\/p>\n
C# 11 \u5141\u8bb8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u00a0nameof\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0CallerArgumentExpression\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e00 attribute \u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u76f8\u5e94\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0nameof\u00a0\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Assert(bool condition, [CallerArgumentExpression(nameof(condition))] string expression = "")\n{ \/\/ ...}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u00a0condition\u00a0\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u00a0nameof\u00a0\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
\u258c\u81ea\u52a8\u7f13\u5b58\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u59d4\u6258<\/h4>\n
C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Foo(){\n Call(Console.WriteLine);\n}void Call(Action action){\n action();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u00a0Foo\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u00a0Console.WriteLine\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u5927\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u00a0Foo\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u5176\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u5728 C# 11 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7f13\u5b58\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u8bba\u00a0Foo\u00a0\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\uff0cConsole.WriteLine\u00a0\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u4ece C# 8 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0cC# \u56e2\u961f\u5c31\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f97\u529b\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u788d\u624b\u788d\u811a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd8\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5229\u7528 C# \u7f16\u5199\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e5f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u5b57\u5178\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e86\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90a3\u6837\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4 C# 11 \u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5bf9 C# \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684 C# \u4e2d\u8fd8\u8ba1\u5212\u7740\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7b49\u66f4\u52a0\u4ee4\u4eba\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\u56fe\u7247\"](\"https:\/\/segmentfault.com\/img\/remote\/1460000042178695\" "\\"\u56fe\u7247\\"")
\u957f\u6309\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5173\u6ce8\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e2d\u56fdMSDN\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u89e3C#\u65b0\u589e\u529f\u80fd<\/a>~<\/p>\n